اعتبار‘‘ میں عصری شعور اور اٹل سچائیاں
اس کائنات میں اللہ تعالیٰ کی تخلیق کردہ اشرف المخلوقات حضرت انسان روز ازل ہی سے کچھ ایسا کرنے کی دْھن میں مصروف عمل ہے کہ وہ لازوال اور غیر فانی بن جائے کہیں یہ خیرو شر کی قوتوں سے نبرد آزما ہے تو کہیں حق کی فتح و نصرت کیلئے کوشاں ہیں۔کہیں یہ ستاروں پر کمندیں ڈال رہا ہے تو کہیں نئے نئے سیاروں کی دریافت میں مگن ہے۔کہیں یہ اپنی نت نئی تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کے بل بوتے پر حیران کن جہتوں کو متعارف کروا کر اپنا لوہا منوا رہا ہے۔انہیں جہتوں میں جذبات و احساسات کے اظہار کو خوبصورت ذریعہ الفاظ میں کرنے کو شاعری کہا جاتا ہے۔شاعر اپنے روز مرہ کے مشاہدات کو اشعار کا جامہ پہنچاتا ہے وہ اپنے خیالات کی پختگی اور جذبوں کی روانی کو صفہا قرطاس پر بکھیرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے۔جیسے ناہید فراموش صاحبہ اپنے مجموعہ کلام ’’اعتبار‘‘ میں کیا ہے۔
’’اعتبار‘‘ ناہید فراموش صاحبہ غزلیات اور نظموں کا پہلا مجموعہ کلام ہے۔اس مضمون میں شاعرہ کی غزلیات میں عصری شعور اور اٹل سچائیوں پر بحث کی جائیگی۔شاعر سماج کا سب سے حساس ترین فرد ہوتا ہے۔معاشرے میں ہونے والے واقعات کا براہ راست سب سے زیادہ اثر اس کی سوچ پر پڑتا ہے۔یہ اثرات اچھے ہیں یا برے ان الفاظ کی مالا میں پرو کر دوسرے افراد کو بتانے کی کوشش کرتا ہے۔دراصل شاعر اپنے اشعار کے ذریعے معاشرے میں بیداری پیدا کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے۔لوگوں کی سوچ تبدیل کرنے کی کوشش ہے۔ناہید صاحبہ نے بھی موجودہ دور کی سماجی، مذہبی،معاشی اور سیاسی صورت حال پر بہت بے باک طریقے سے اپنے خیالات کا اظہار کیا ہے۔
موجودہ دور کو نفسا نفسی کا دور کہا جاتا ہے۔ہر طرف خلوص میں...
This research deals with the power of language in politics, specifically in the dimension of Metaphors and the Rhetorical Philosophy of Aristotle's Ethos, which famous politicians significantly used. It determines the art of speech of three politicians, Former Prime Minister Imran Khan and former Presidents of the United States, Donald Trump and Barack Obama, who are consistently in the public eye for a great command of rhetorical language. Furthermore, the data combines and fusion of their pre-election and post-election speeches. The structure and layout of the research are first to emphasize and identify their art of speaking and delivery by comparing and contrasting these speakers and, secondly, analyzing their characteristics of how each one of them has chosen the tool of rhetorical and persuasive strategies in a unique style to make a striking impression upon the audience. These public speakers are specifically chosen for this research as they are renowned for their great competence and excellence in stump oratory, which built massive trust and created a socio-cognitive influence upon the audience’s mind. His research paradigm is based on a qualitative approach, and the design used in this study focuses on content analysis.
Premise of the research-Selenium (Se) has become an element of interest to many biologists because of its physiological and toxicological importance. The identification of effective Se dose and application method is crucial for better understanding of Se role in crop plants under drought stress. The present study, therefore, was planned to evaluate the response of water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to exogenous Se supply. The study was carried out at the Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan and Stress Physiology Laboratory, Salinity and Environmental Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad-Pakistan. Methodology-A series of laboratory, wire / greenhouse, lysimeter and field experiments were conducted for this study. In laboratory experiments, fifteen local wheat genotypes were screened out for their response to PEG-6000 induced water stress of -0.5 MPa at germination and seedling stage. Wire / greenhouse experiments were conducted using one drought tolerant (Kohistan-97) and one sensitive (Pasban-90) genotype, selected from laboratory experiments, to determine appropriate rates for three methods viz. seed priming (75 μM), fertigation (7.35 μM) and foliar spray (7.06 μM) of Se helpful in improving drought tolerance in wheat plants subjected to water stress at seedling stage. The optimum rates determined in screen house experiments of each method of Se application were tested for appropriate method and application time (vegetative or reproductive growth stage) in lysimeter and field experiments. Pivotal results-Drought stress significantly reduced growth, water relations, gas exchange and yield attributes of both wheat genotypes. However, exogenous Se supply was observed to be helpful in improving the drought tolerance potential and yield through maintenance of turgor, increased accumulation of osmolytes and enhancement in enzymatic activity of water- stressed wheat plants. The supplemental Se supply significantly improved Se and potassium (K) concentration in shoot and grain, whereas phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) contents in shoot were reduced by Se supply. The grain Mg and Fe concentration increased while grain P concentration reduced by exogenous Se supply. Non-significant effect of Se supply was recorded on grain Zn concentration. Conclusion- The cultivation of drought tolerant wheat genotypes is essential to obtain economical crop yield under water stress conditions as wheat genotype Kohistan-97 (drought tolerant) was more successful in the maintenance of physiological, biochemical and yield attributes than Pasban-90 (drought sensitive). Selenium application through fertigation @ 7.35 μM and foliar spray @ 7.06 μM at tillering stage was found effective under both normal and water deficit conditions.