اقرار کی مسدسِ مصطفی ﷺ
پروفیسرڈاکٹرمحمدافتخارشفیع
نعت کو دیگر اصناف ادب پر وہی تفوق حاصل ہے جو اس کی موضوعہ ہستی کو باقی انسانوں پرہے(یعنی بعدازخدا.....)۔گزشتہ صدیوں میںنعت کا تخلیق کردہ سرمایہ بہت زیادہ ہونے کے باوجود طلب سے کم ہے۔زمانوں کے تغیر نے کیسے کیسے نامیوں کے نشانات کو بود سے نابود کردیا ۔ دنیا کے فٹ پاتھ سے انسانی نسلوں کے نہ جانے کتنے گروہ بے خیالی میں گزر گئے ،ایسی مقدس ہستیاں بہت کم ہیں جنھوں نے جلوسِ جہاں میں اپنی یادوں کے دستخط ثبت کیے ۔وقت کے بہتے دھارے نے انسانی چہروں پر فراموشی کی دھول جما دی، لیکن چنیدہ لوگوں میں سر فہرست ایک باکمال ذات ایسی بھی ہے کہ وقت کا یہ سیلِ بے پناہ اس کے جمال ِپرانوار میں روز بہ روز اضافہ کرتا جارہا ہے۔اس کا ذکر حسب ِوعدہ بلند سے بلند تر ہوتا جارہا ہے ۔دنیا کے دیگر مذاہب اور عقاید میں تصویریں اور بت بنا کر اپنے مشاہیر کو خراج تحسین پیش کرنے کی روایت موجود تھی،اسلام میں اس کی سخت ممانعت کی وجہ سے پیغمبراسلام ﷺ کی خدمت میں الفاظ کا نذرانہ بہ ذریعہ نعت پیش کرنے کا آغاز ہوا۔
نعت کی صنف اپنے جلو میں متعدد فکری زاویے رکھتی ہے ۔آپ جناب سرکار صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم کی سیرت کے ساتھ ساتھ صورت میں بھی نورونکہت کی ہمیشگیاں فی الحقیقت اسی مقدار میں موجود ہیں جسے دوسرے لفظوں میں خیر کثیر کہا جاتا ہے۔جس طرح زندگی کے جمالیاتی زاویوں کی افادیت سے انکار ممکن نہیں بالکل اسی طرح اس عظیم ہستی کے جمال پرنور کی عظمت سے کیسے انکارممکن ہے۔ہماری شاعری میں داخلی کیفیات کی ترجمانی ہو، یا ملت کے اصلاح احوال کے تذکرے، ملتِ بیضا کی مشکلات کو استغاثے کی صورت میں بیان کرنے کا ہنر ہو یا حسن وجمال روحانی نقش گری...
The first ever educational institute established by the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) at Masjid al-Nabawī was known as “al-Ṣuffah”. In the present world, both the Islamic religious institutes (Madāris) and the secular educational institutes can play a vital role for the promotion of peace in the society. In the perspective of the subcontinent, both, the Dāru’l ‘Ulūm Deoband and the ‘Alī Gaṛh University produced peace loving people, who later achieved freedom for the Muslims of south Asia. The Pakistani secular schools are mostly peace loving. They are producing human resources, which are ruling and serving the country. On the other hand, the religious schools have become the hub of religious extremism. However, such fanatics are found in both the educational systems. Learn to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet our of Sunnah the follow to need We the lesson of peace from the examples of the conquest of Makkah, the battle of the trench and from Mīthāq al-Madīnah and many other. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the by peace for taken steps
The main objective of this study is to find the relationship between capital structure, free cash flow, and performance of oil and gas companies listed on PSX over the last eleven years (2005-2015). The study is quantitative in nature, follow positivistic paradigm and deductive approach. The study employ capital structure measure, total debt to total assets ratio, and free cash flow as the independent variables of the study, while firm?s performance measures, return on assets and Tobin?s Q are included as the dependent variables of the study. The study also employs firm size, assets growth, interest rate, inflation rate and world oil prices as the control variables.
The population of the study consists of all oil and gas firms listed on PSX and financial period under consideration is from 2005 to 2015. The whole oil and gas sector consisting of twelve companies is under study but due to unavailability of financial data of two companies for full period under consideration, the final sample consist of ten oil and gas companies listed on PSX. Out of ten PSX listed oil and gas companies, four companies are involved in oil and gas exploration and production and the other six are involved in oil and gas marketing and distribution. Thus, to get better insight into the performance of both category of firms, overall PSX listed oil and gas firms were broadly categorized in two categories i.e. exploration and production companies and marketing and distribution companies.
The required financial data is extracted from the annual reports of the sample companies and different statistical analysis is performed with the help of Stata version 13.0, to fulfill the objectives of the study. After assumption testing through Hausman Test, and BPLM Test, an OLS regression model is selected as the final model and interpretations are made accordingly.
The study find a negative relationship between total debt to total assets ratio and firm?s performance measured through return on assets and Tobin?s Q for oil and gas exploration and production companies as well as for oil and gas marketing and distribution companies, suggesting that higher level of debt will decrease firm?s performance. The results also showed a significant positive relationship between free cash flow and both firm?s performance measures under study for oil and gas exploration and production companies as well as for oil and gas marketing and distribution companies, indicating a lack of evidence supporting the free cash flow hypothesis. The results also showed a significant positive relationship between assets growth and both firm?s performance measures under study for both categories of oil and gas companies, whereas, a significant negative relationship is observed between firm size, interest rate, inflation rate, world oil prices for both categories of oil and gas companies under study and both firm?s performance measures.