مولانا محمد میاں
مولانا محمد میاں سے قارئین معارف بخوبی واقف ہیں، ان کی علمی و عملی خدمات محتاج تعارف نہیں، وہ درکفے جام شریعت درکفے سندان عشق کے قائل تھے، انھوں نے علمی شغف اور قومی خدمت کو اپنی زندگی میں سمو رکھا تھا، مطالعہ و تحقیق اور تصنیف و تالیف کے لئے سکون قلب اور فراغ خاطر ضروری سمجھا جاتا ہے لیکن محمد میاں نے سیاست کے پرشور ہنگاموں اور قیدوبند کی پریشانیوں میں یہ منزل طے کی ہے، انھوں نے نہ کبھی دارورسن کا خوف کیا نہ آبلہ پائی کا گلہ وہ مطالعہ میں مصروف ہوتے یا درس و تدریس میں منہمک یا خاندانی مشاغل میں مشغول، جیسے ہی جنگ آزادی کابگل بجتا میدان میں نکل آتے، اور اس راہ کی ہر پریشانی خندہ پیشانی سے برداشت کرتے، وہ زندگی بھر اس روش پر چلتے رہے، سیاست کے ساتھ تقویٰ پر عمل بہت مشکل ہے، مگر انھوں نے سیاسی زندگی کو پاکیزگی سے کبھی جدا نہیں ہونے دیا، ان کی خدمت بے لوث اور ان کی سیرت بے داغ تھی، جماعتی زندگی میں کشمکش عام ہے، ہر شخص سیادت کا طالب ہوتا ہے لیکن ان کا ذہن اس عیب سے پاک تھا، انھوں نے اپنے مفاد پر جماعت کے مفاد کو ہمیشہ مقدم رکھا اور اس راہ ایثار میں ہر پریشانی کو خندہ پیشانی کے ساتھ برداشت کرتے رہے، افسوس ہے کہ علم و عمل اور ایثار و خدمت کا یہ مجسمہ دنیا سے رخصت ہوگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں اپنی رحمت سے سرفراز فرمائے، اور دوسروں کو ان کی پاکیزہ اور پرخلوص زندگی کو نمونہ عمل بنانے کی توفیق عطا فرمائے۔
(عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
Background and Aim: Bowen therapy is a non-pharmacological method for treating a variety of pain conditions, but its effectiveness in treating tension-type headaches is unknown. We compared the effectiveness of Bowen therapy to a sham treatment.
Methodology: In a multi-center randomized controlled trial, the young adults with a tension-type headache were selected from the Neurology Department of DHQ hospital Sargodha and Niazi Medical Complex, Sargodha, with convenient sampling. A priori sample size calculation determined that 44 participants were needed. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Bowen Therapy (n=22) and Sham Treatment (n=22) groups were enrolled. The Bowen therapy was devised for two weeks. The measurement was taken at baseline and after two weeks. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.
Results: At baseline, there was no difference found in the Bowen therapy and Sham treatment groups. We have noticed a significant decrease in the severity of pain and improvement in pain pressure threshold assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and algometer in the Bowen therapy group after two weeks (<0.05). However, no changes in pain intensity were found in the sham therapy group. Furthermore, the headache frequency was also reduced in Bowen therapy compared to the sham therapy group (<0.05) after the study period.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bowen Therapy might be a beneficial and effective treatment for a tension-type headache. Further studies are needed using older adult’s participants.
This research study seeks to examine the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on work
outcomes by considering banking sector of Pakistan. The focus of this research was to explore the mediation
effect of trust between leadership styles and two work outcomes i.e., organizational commitment and turnover
intention of employees. Zhu and Akhtar (2014) found out that trust plays a mediating role between
transformational leadership styles and work outcomes, so this study has proceeded their findings by focusing
on +A648another leadership style and work outcomes.
For data collection, 350 employees were selected by using purposive sampling technique from the banks
operating in Lahore. The criteria for selecting purposive sample was established so that effective results can be
obtained. Questionnaire with five point Likert scale was used for data collection because it was a comparatively
low-cost, fast and effective way of gaining huge quantity of information from a big sample. After distributing
350 questionnaires among bank employees, 304 were found properly filled and appropriate. So the response
rate for this study was 86.85% that is usually considered noteworthy. After collecting data, MS excel was used
to organize data and to check missing values and unengaged responses. SPSS was also used to check regression
assumptions and for hypothesis testing. After dealing with regression assumptions, hypotheses were tested.
To determine the mediation effect of employee trust between leadership styles and work outcomes, Sobel test
and Baron & Kenny approach was used.
The regression result exposed that transactional and transformational leadership styles has no effect on
turnover intention of employees of banks operating in Lahore. While transactional and transformational
leadership style except individual consideration dimension have significant impact on employee's
commitment. This study also found out that transformational leadership style and transactional leadership
except management by exception (passive) dimension has significant impact on employee trust.
The mediation results showed that trust mediates the relationship between transformational leadership style
and work outcomes i.e., organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. While result of both
mediation tests also exposed that trust plays a mediating role between transactional leadership style and
organizational commitment of employees but doesn't mediate the relationship of transactional leadership and
turnover intention. In the end managerial implications, contribution of study and limitations has also been
discussed.