مولانا ابوالعرفان خاں ندوی مرحوم
جناب مولانا ابوالعرفان خاں ندوی صاحب ۱۷؍ نومبر کو تقریباً ساڑھے تین بجے شب میں اپنے رب کے حضور پہنچ گئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
عالمِ کی موت کو عالم کی موت سے تعبیر کیا جاتا ہے، مولانا مرحوم کی وفات ہوئی تو یہ محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ علوم کا ایک جہان ویران ہوگیا ہے، ان کے احباب و رفقاء اور متعلقین و تلامذہ ہی خوب جانتے ہیں کہ کیسی مجموعۂ فضائل ہستی کو انھوں نے سپردخاک کردیا۔
مولانا مرحوم کا وطن شیرازہند دارالخیور جونپور تھا، لیکن جونپوری کی نسبت محض ایک وطنی نسبت نہیں تھی، ان کی شخصیت میں علم و ادب، فلسفہ و کلام، وقار و استغناء تواضع، منکسر المزاجی، مہمان نوازی بلکہ دلنوازی کی وہ تمام روایات مجتمع تھیں جن کے لیے خطہ جونپور کبھی رشک ہرات و نیشاپور تھا اور جن کی وجہ سے صاحبقران بادشاہ شاہجہاں نے کہا تھا کہ پورب شیراز ماست۔
وہ جونپور کے ایک علمی خانوادہ میں پیدا ہوئے ان کے والد جناب مولانا دین محمد صاحب اس علاقہ کے مشہور عالم دین تھے اور مولانا حافظ عبداﷲ غازیپوریؒ کے خاص شاگرد تھے جو اتباع سنت اور زہد و ورع میں بھی ممتاز تھے۔
والد ماجد سے ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ مدرسہ امدادیہ دربھنگہ میں زیر تعلیم رہے، دارالعلوم دیوبند میں بھی داخلہ لیا، مگر جلد ہی ۳۹ء میں ندوہ آگئے اور یہیں تعلیم مکمل کی، فراغت کے بعد دارالمصنفین میں مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کی رہنمائی میں فلسفہ و کلام اور تاریخ کی کتابوں کا مطالعہ کیا، اس کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوئے اور دمِ واپسیں تک ندوہ سے ان کا رشتہ استوار رہا، ۶۷ء میں شیخ عبداﷲ مرحوم کی دعوت پر کشمیر کے ایک تعلیمی ادارہ سے بھی وابستہ رہے...
The wasaṭiyyah (Islamic moderation) concept is deep-rooted in Islam. It is a straight path, a good between two evils; it maintains balance between the two extremes of excess and deficiency, and between fanaticism and negligence. Moderation was widely practiced with the advent of Islam. It was a noteworthy aspect of people’s day to day life and conducts. The term wasaṭiyyah (moderation) emerged in the early eighties. It was initially introduced by Shiekh Yūsuf Al-Qaraḍāwī. He used it in his books and discourses, and gradually it become very prevalent. Few factors resulted in widespread use of the term, the main factor is the western systematic campaign against Islam and Muslims to distort their image and label them with terrorism and extremism. Therefore, they frequently used the term wasaṭiyyah to prove themselves against these accusations. Another factor is the current situation in most Muslim countries and their struggle with social and political injustice which turns Muslim youth to extremism and terrorism that is why Muslim scholars and reformers, through their moderate discourse, stood up and condemned fanaticism and radical ideology. All that made the term wasaṭiyyah widely used by different people from all walks of life, and each has its aims and intentions behind embracing the moderate discourse and raising the flag of wasaṭiyyah (moderation).
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is the most widespread and destructive pathogen of tomato as it is difficult to control due to its wide host range. Management strategies for root knot nematodes mainly rely on chemicals/nematicides because of limited availability of resistant cultivars. The present investigation was planned to exploit the nematicidal potential of bio and synthetic chemicals against M. incognita on tomato. The effect of twenty chemicals currently available in the market was evaluated against M. incognita. Hatching inhibition and juvenile’s mortality of M. incognita was assessed under in vitro conditions. Four concentrations of each chemical were prepared viz., 2S, S, S/2 and S/4 according to recommended dose of each chemical. Data on hatching inhibition were recorded after 2, 4 and 6 days and on mortality after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. Maximum hatching inhibition and mortality percentage was recorded in synthetic (Cartap, Virtako) and bio (Cure, Azadirachtin) chemicals. These four chemicals were selected and evaluated further against mobility of juveniles and for their phytotoxic effect on tomato. The minimum number of J2s was recovered in Cartap followed by other chemicals while the maximum was recovered in control. Tomato plants were examined for yellowing or browning, wilting, necrosis, burning and plant mortality for up to two weeks; none of the chemical was found to be phytotoxic. Efficiency of selected chemicals was evaluated at different time intervals viz., 7, 14 and 28 days against M. incognita on nematode reproduction parameters. A gradual decline was noted in the effectiveness of chemicals with the increase in time interval. Galling index was increased in all the chemicals after 28 days interval as compared to 7 and 14 days. Selected chemicals significantly reduced invasion and subsequent development of nematodes in roots. Protective application of selected bio and synthetic chemicals was more effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Systemic effect of chemicals was determined through split root technique. Selected chemicals showed systemic activity in terms of lesser number of egg masses, females and eggs/egg mass in the untreated root portion. Selected chemicals were tested as soil drench and root dip treatment against M. incognita. Results revealed that soil drench treatment was more effective in reducing nematode population than root dip treatment. Combined application of selected chemicals with fertilizers not only reduced nematode reproduction but also improved plant growth. Significant suppression in nematode population was observed in all the selected chemicals when applied in infested microplots. The results of present investigation suggest suitable chemicals for growers having a nematode problem in their fields to incorporate it in management strategies.