اسلامی ریاست میں سیاسی انتظامیہ کا تصور احتساب اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

This research presents an overview of the principle of accountability of the executive in an Islamic state. The existence and survival of any state is not sustainable without process of accountability as per the law of the land and the provision of the constitution. The elite class was exempted from any sort of accountability and treated above the law in pre-Islamic period whereas man in the street was dealt with strict compliance of rules and regulations. This paper has provided strong evidence from the perspective of historical research that the executive in the Islamic state has not been exempted from the process of transparent of accountability. Moreover, this article also builds up strong argument in light of Quran and Sunnah as well as line of action adopted by orthodox caliphs. It also highlights various incidents of accountability and legal precedence that occurred during Khilafat e Rashda and post era as well.

Social Media and Youth: Uses, Problems and Prospects A Case Study of Southern Punjab

The current study aimed to explore and investigate the social media uses and gratifications among youth of Southern Punjab, Pakistan with regard to problems and prospects. The researcher aimed to investigate the social media usage behavior, preferences, gratification and motives of the youth aged between 17-25 years to measure the prospects and problems of social media usage patterns. It also aimed to investigate the dependency of the youth in terms of seeking relaxation, information, knowledge or other entertainment through different website of social media on internet. It was also measured that the level of impact of social media on social interactions, on religious information and level of trust and reliability over the information provided by social media websites. Survey research design has been utilized as a data collection tool by using pre constructed questionnaire screened after pilot study. A total of 1200 respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique from the three selected districts which are divisional headquarters of Southern Punjab, Pakistan as per population statistics given by Federal Bureau of Statistics and Punjab Development Statistics for probability of sample. Out of 1200 respondents 1000 respondents responded to questionnaire. The findings indicate that almost most of the respondents were having social media accounts but Facebook users were dominant as compared to other social networking sites. Most of the respondents shared to use social media between 2-4 hours per day. There was significant association between education and consideration of social media as a major source of information about different events and happenings. The photo sharing activity was the preferred activity by the majority of the youth groups as compared to other activities like accessing poetry, videos and quotations. The results supported the both theories Uses and Gratification and Social Learning as there was significant difference of usage patterns among youth belonging to different socio-demographic characteristics. They were interpreting social media contents differently for the sake of their gratifications by using social media. Similarly, the learning patterns through social media and getting its impact on the lifestyles, attitudes, and interaction patterns were significant. The hypotheses of the study were also cheeked through the statistical test chi-square. The study also identified a few areas for future researchers.