شیخ محمد اسماعیل
دوسرا حادثہ شیخ محمد اسماعیل صاحب صدر مسلم لیگ کی وفات کا ہے، وہ ملک و ملت کے پرانے خدمت گزار تھے، ایک زمانہ میں کانگریسی تھے، پھر مسلم لیگ میں شامل ہوگئے تھے، جنوبی ہند کی سیاست میں ان کو نمایاں مقام حاصل تھا، یہ انہی کی شخصیت تھی کہ ملک کی تقسیم کے بعد جب ہندوستان میں لیگ کی کوئی گنجائش نہیں رہ گئی تھی جنوبی ہند میں اس کو دوبارہ زندہ کیا، پھر ملک کے مختلف حصوں میں اسکو پھیلا دیا، مگر اسکو فرقہ پروری سے اتنا دور رکھا اور ملکی حالات سے اتنا ہم آہنگ کردیا کہ اسکے مخالفین کو بھی گرفت کا موقع نہ مل سکا اور کانگریسی حکومتوں تک کو اس سے معاملت کرنا پڑی، اب ملت کے ایسے بڑی غم گسار مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۷۲ء)
A thorough critical analysis of human history highlights that the clash of civilizations centered on themes of conflict, war, and struggle. Historical experts use the word encounter to interpret or explain these relations among civilizations. Trade played a vital role in flourishing these ties, however, conflict and encounter have also been a part of almost all the phases or eras of human history. Developing nations have always looked up to the western world as a role model of economic and military progression, but this philosophy has also resulted in the escalation of tensions among these nations. World peace faces daunting challenges and is one of the most talked-about human concerns in the present times. Islam is currently being challenged by the western world in terms of the right interpretation of religious teachings and the true message of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Islam is still struggling to make its mark in the present world order, particularly after the 9/11 incident which painted Muslims as terrorists and fundamentalists. It is quite evident that the world is divided into factions or groups, where one group is the torchbearer of Islam and religious teachings, while the second group endorses western ideals or secularism. According to Samuel Huntington, it won’t be wrong to say that the next ideological challenge that the world faces after the ultimate demise of the Soviet Union is Islam and the prospective clash between the East and the West in the 21st century will be the most discussed topic. The present-day relationship between the East and the West is based upon rivalry. This conflict is not a new area of research and is centuries old. The only solution to this problem is to promote global peace and harmony and facilitate dialogue among nations. This would help in creating a social system that can center on values, harmony, peace, and love. Also, Iqbal’s philosophy can act as a guiding stone and can help in resolving this crisis. Iqbal’s universal social reconstruction theory highlights how different civilizations can live together and can facilitate constructive dialogue to improve civilizational ties. This article aims to incorporate the teachings of Iqbal, especially the universal social reconstruction theory to propose solutions for inter-civilizational clashes. This article aims to use the teachings of Iqbal as a beacon of light to promote constructive dialogue and peaceful coexistence among the two dominant sides of the world, resultantly leading in much prosperous and peaceful world order.
An Integrative Model of Personality, Conflict Management Styles and Emotional Labour With the rise and progress of service industry, emotional labour has become an inevitable part of organizational life, which has proven detrimental effects for the employee as well as organizational wellbeing. So, the managers try to seek ways to remove or at least decrease emotional labour. This research was an effort to find out ways to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to empirically test, the mediating role of relationship conflict and conflict management styles in the relationship between personality and emotional labour. Stratified random sampling technique was applied and gender (male/female) was taken as strata. An analytical and non-experimental research design was used with a randomly selected sample of 450 managers in the banking sector. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the hypothesized model. Good fit of data to the hypothesized model was attained in the final analysis (CMIN/DF = 1.479; GFI = 0.998; AGFI = 0.984; CFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.033; NFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.995 and RMR=0.015). The results revealed that conflict management styles fully mediated the relationship between personality and emotional labour and certain conflict management styles had diminishing while others have exacerbating effect upon emotional labour. The results also emphasized the importance of employee’s personality in suggesting his/her emotional labour behaviour. Besides this the findings indicated that personality is a great cause of relationship conflict and at the same time it is a great predictor of the choice of emotional labour strategies, as well as of the choice of conflict management styles. The findings of this study gave an insight to the managers in service organizations to understand that, they should take into consideration, personality traits of a potential candidate while hiring new employees, and emotional labour and personality characteristics of individuals while setting job assignments. It further showed the significance of individual differences such as gender in understanding the differential impact of emotional labour on employees working in service roles. xi Keywords: Conflict management styles, emotional labour, relationship conflict, personality traits, gender, structural equation modeling.