اقبال نے اپنی فکر اور شاعری کے ذریعے پیغام پہنچانے کا کام لیا ہے۔ وہ چاہتے تھے کہ ان کا پیغام ہر خاص وعام تک پہنچ جائے۔ کوئی بھی ان کے پیغام سے محروم نہ رہے۔ اقبال نے اس کے لیے تحریر کا ذریعہ بھی اختیار کیا اور تقریر کا بھی۔ اور جہاں ضرورت پیش آئی وہاں شعر وسخن سے بھی کام لیا ہے۔
قدرت نے اقبال کو شعر کہنے کا ملکہ عطا کیا تھا۔ جب بھی ان پر کوئی کیفیت طاری ہوتی تو شعر کا نزول شروع ہو جاتا۔ وہ ہر دو زبانوں پر شعر کہنے کی صلاحیت سے مالا مال تھے۔ دونوں زبانوں میں ان کی بہت سی تصانیف موجود ہیں۔ پروفیسر عبدالحق نے اس مونوگراف میں اقبال کی نثری اور شاعرانہ تصانیف کا تعارف پیش کیا ہے۔
When looking at the history of every human civilization, one may find some people or places that go down in history, and their biography does not disappear until God inherits the land and those on it. One of these places is the city of Jerusalem, a city where no two differ on its importance. A city that is home for sanctuaries, history, and monuments and every inch speaks of its greatness. Especially in the history of Islam, which linked it wonderfully to the Qibla of Muslims (the Sacred Mosque) after it was the first Qibla in the history of Islam. This high standing link was perpetuated by the Holy Qur’an in Surat Al-Isra and in many other places. This research has shown its importance to Muslims, the reason Muslims love it and their dedication to defending every single grain of its sand, and how did the esteemed Companions view it? This research spoke about some of the aspects that are related to the personality of our master Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, (which are the psychological and educational aspects) while looking at the importance of Jerusalem to him, may God be pleased with him, which existed since pre-Islamic time and how it extended to the time of Islam and has emerged during his caliphate, may God be pleased with him.
In this thesis, we have developed new numerical methods in Runge-Kutta family for numerical solution of ordinary di erential equations. We have extended the idea of e ective order to Runge-Kutta Nystr om methods for numerical approximation of second order ordinary di erential equations. The composition of Runge-Kutta Nystr om methods, the pruning of associated Nystr om trees, and conditions for e ective order Runge-Kutta Nystr om methods up to orderve are presented. Also, partitioned Runge-Kutta methods of e ective order 4 with 3 stages are constructed. The most obvious feature of these methods is e ciency in terms of implementation cost. The numerical results verify that the asymptotic error behavior of the e ective order 4 partitioned Runge- Kutta methods with 3 stages is similar to that of classical order 4 method which necessarily require 4 stages. Moreover, it is evident from the numerical results that e ective order methods are more e cient than their classical order counterpart. Lastly, a family of explicit symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta methods are derived with e ective order 3 for the numerical integration of separable Hamiltonian systems. The proposed explicit methods are more e cient than existing symplectic implicit Runge-Kutta methods. A selection of numerical experiments on separable Hamiltonian system con rming the e ciency of the approach is also provided with good energy conservation.