مولانا محمد میاں منصور
افسوس ہے پچھلے چندمہینوں میں اسلامی ہند کی بعض نامور شخصیتوں نے جو علم وادب اور دین وسیاست کے مختلف اعتبارات سے اپنا اپنا ایک نمایاں مقام رکھتی تھیں،اس جہانِ فانی کو وداع کہہ کر عالمِ جاودانی کی راہ لی۔اس سلسلہ میں سب سے پہلے سانحۂ ارتحال مولانا محمدمیاں منصور کاپیش آیا۔مولانامرحوم ہمارے لائق اور عزیز دوست مولانا حامد الانصاری غازی اڈیٹر’ مدینہ‘ کے والد ماجد اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کے قدیم فرزند معنوی تھے۔ حضرت شیخ الہندؒ کے فیضان صحبت نے جن چند خوش نصیبوں کے مس خام کو چمکا کر کندن بنادیا تھامولانا مرحوم بھی انھیں میں سے ایک تھے۔چنانچہ وہ حضرت شیخ الہند کے مشن پرافغانستان گئے اور اتحادِ اسلامی کی تحریک کے سلسلہ میں وہاں رہ کر انقلابی قسم کے مختلف کام کرتے رہے۔ اس کا نتیجہ یہ ہواکہ ایک طرف ان کے لیے خودان کے وطن عزیز کی سرزمین ارضِ ممنوعہ قرار دے دی گئی اوردوسری جانب دشمنوں کی دسیسہ کاریوں نے دارالہجرت(افغانستان) میں بھی ان کو چین سے نہ بیٹھنے دیا۔لیکن باایں ہمہ وہ تحریر و تقریر تصنیف وتالیف اور عملی جدوجہد کے ذریعہ مسلمانوں کو اسلامی انقلاب کی دعوت دے کر حضرت شیخ الہندؒ کے ’’خوابِ پریشاں‘‘ کی تفسیر و تعبیر سناتے رہے اورآخر کارعرصۂ طویل کی جلا وطنی کے بعد جان جان آفرین کے سپرد کرکے راہی ملک بقا ہوگئے ۔ ہر چند کہ ان کی وفات وطن سے بہت دورہوئی تاہم افغانستان اسلامی ملک ہونے کے باعث ان کے لیے دیارِغیر نہ تھاچنانچہ جنازہ بڑی دھوم دھام سے اٹھااور فرمانِ شاہی کے مطابق فوجی اعزاز واکرام کے ساتھ تدفین کی رسم عمل میں آئی۔
رب السموات والارض ان کو صدیقین وشہداء کامقامِ جلیل عطافرمائے اوراپنے الطافِ خاص سے نوازے۔آمین۔ [مئی۱۹۴۶ء]
Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakht┴n’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.
A wide range of diseases have papillomaviruses (PVs) as their causative agent and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are behind a great portion of anogenital and some non-genital malignancies worldwide. In Pakistan fewer reports are based on occasional testing from the different regions of the country. Present study investigated incidence and etiological involvement of HPV in cervical cancer in Pakistan. Moreover, prevalence of HPV in other anogenital and non-genital cancers such as breast and lung cancer was also observed in the study subjects. This study also aimed at exploring the functional aspect of HPV E5 oncoprotein. HPV E5 has been documented as a significant player in the productive stage of the viral life cycle and is seen to exert its effect through enhancing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. In epithelial malignancies such as HPV-positive cervical cancer, EGFR is among the most frequently activated proto oncogenes. Negative regulator of EGFR family include LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1) which has been recently discovered. Though E5 role in enhancing EGFR signaling is largely documented but all aspects of the receptor signaling have not been taken under consideration such as the possible interplay between E5 and LRIG1 during EGFR signaling. In order to address the possible interplay between viral factor E5 and host factor LRIG1 that may lead to the development of HPV related disease, first role of LRIG1 in cervical cancer cell lines was studied in relation to EGFR. Further, human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) expressing a functional E5 and E5 knockout counterparts were utilized to observe the effect of E5 on LRIG1 and its activity. Following differentiation, HPV18 HFKs began expressing functional E5 in semisolid medium, and a reduction in LRIG1 protein expression was seen as compared to the ABSTRACT xx knockouts suggesting the possible role of E5 in downregulating EGFR negative regulation pathway. Messenger RNA and protein expression analysis confirmed the decrease in LRIG1 expression in accordance with the expression of E5 as well as impact of E5 in delaying differentiation and downregulating LRIG1 at varying levels of differentiation in keratinocytes. It can be speculated that hijacking control from LRIG1, E5 provides that ‘added value’ to the HPV types expressing it. However through co-immuno-precipitation experiment no physical binding between the two proteins which could be responsible for this effect was observed. Thus it may be concluded that E5 way of affecting LRIG1 may not be direct but is potent enough to render the protein incapable of performing its function. Moreover it was seen that by physically blocking tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR, LRIG1 levels were successfully restored in E5 expressing keratinocytes. It also suggests that, if utilized, LRIG1 may act synergistically with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in downregulating EGFR pathway in an HPV infection. In conclusion present study helped us to explore the unaddressed role of HPV E5 in influencing negative regulation of EGFR pathway. Thus, the study provided basis for future studies which may target E5 as an important oncoprotein of HPV and LRIG1 as a tumor suppressor for therapeutic purpose.