پروفیسر دُنٹ
ماہ گزشتہ کا ایک اہم علمی حادثہ جرمنی کے نامور پروفیسر دُنٹ کی وفات ہے، پروفیسر موصوف فن نفسیات (سائیکولوجی) میں اس وقت استاذ الاساتذہ کا مرتبہ رکھتے تھے، ان کے زمانہ سے پیشتر نفسیات کو عام فلسفہ کی ایک شاخ سمجھا جاتا تھا، دنٹ ہی نے سب سے پہلے یہ بتایا کہ نفسیات بذات خود ایک مستقل فن ہے، جس کے نتائج کی بنیاد قیاس و استدلال پر نہیں بلکہ تجربات و اخبارت پر ہے، چنانچہ سب سے اول انہیں نے نفسیات کے لیے معمل (تجربہ گاہ) قائم کیا، جس میں مادی علوم کے معلموں کی طرح سارا کام تجربات کی مدد سے انجام پانے لگا اور ایک جدید فن نفسیات طبیعی (سائیکو فزکس) کی بنا ڈالی، اس کے علاوہ فلسفہ و اخلاق، منطق وغیرہ پر بھی ان کی گراں پایہ و ضخیم تصانیف ہیں، ابتداً وہ وجود روح کے منکر اور مادیت کے پیرو تھے، لیکن رفتہ رفتہ روح کے قائل اور بالآخر سخت مذہبی آدمی ہوگئے تھے، وفات کے بعد ان کی عمر ۸۸ سال سے متجاوز تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی،اکتوبر ۱۹۲۰ء)
Tafseer-e-Sanai is a briefexagies of Holy Quran which was written by Montana Sana Ullah Amratsari (D: 1 948) . It has eight short volumes but has been separated in two compilations the first one hasfour volumes (1-4) <£ the second one (5-8) has also four volumes. First edition was published in 1313. Hijri & had been completed in 1349 Hijri i. e in 1931. This work was completed in 36 years. First volume ofthis tafseer was published in the life time ofSir Syed Ahmed Khan, but also it was sent to him. That's why in its early volumes, there were so many answers in response to Sir Syed's thoughts. It is worth mentioning that Moulana Amratsari has responded in a good manner to Sir Syed. Moulana was affiliated with the sect of Ahle-Hadees but after attaining the education from different institutions several ofsects like, Darul Uloom Deoband Madarsa-e-Kanpur, (i. e Deobandi & Brailvi) , Moulana had been freedfrom any single sect. He is known as a scholar of Islam, this tafseer is a witness of it. The Style & method of writing Tafseer is very unique that is why its style was adopted by a known scholar, Moulana Ashraf Ali thanvi and Moulana Abdul Qadeer Siddiqi's translation was also inspired by it. The Quranic letters ( are mentioned with meanings in it and 28 translations of are also determined in different places in the beginning ofSurah.
Sentiment Analysis is currently one of the most studied research fields. Its aim is to analyze people‟s sentiments, opinions, attitudes etc., towards different elements such as topics, products, individuals, organizations, and services. Sentiment analysis can be achieved by machine learning or lexical based methodologies or a combination of both. Recent research shows that domain specific lexicons perform better as compared to domain independent lexicons. In an effort to improve the performance of domain independent lexicons, this research incorporates machine learning with a lexical based approach, introducing a new approach called SWIMS, to determine the feature weight based on a well-known general-purpose sentiment lexicon, SentiWordNet. Support vector machine is used to learn the feature weights and an intelligent model selection approach is employed in SWIMS in order to enhance the classification performance. The features are selected based on their subjectivity and the effects of feature selection with respect to their part of speech information are studied extensively. Seven benchmark datasets have been used in this research, including large movie review dataset, multi-domain sentiment dataset and Cornell movie review dataset, all of which are freely available online for research purposes. In-depth performance comparison is conducted with the state of the art machine learning approaches, lexical based methodologies, and other tools used for sentiment detection. The proposed SWIMS approach attained accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure values of 83.06%, 83.30%, 82.83% and 83.03% respectively, averaged over the seven datasets. The evaluation of performance measures proves that the proposed approach outperforms other techniques for sentiment analysis.