The Importance of Emerging Sciences & Technology in the Light of Quran & Prophetic Teachings

Science and technology is on top position contemporary now it is need of our masses to compare these formulas with holy Quran because Quran is miracle and implementable till the day of  Judge ment  lot of scientists have benefited by Quran and they also agree up on the excellence of Quran. Hence in this research we have to prove dominancy of Quran over on the science and technology the hints of new inventions and discoveries are available in Quran if we study the Quran deeply we will find in it complete agreement with modern science however it was revealed in that time people were not aware from scientific inventions and they have not know-how of it. Comparatively this time is well advanced period and lot of things invented while concept of these things was present in this sky book I have drawn intention of readers on these points. In this research I would discussed that importance of science and technology specially the sub subjects of the modern science math and statistics geology, astronomy, space sciences, Embryology, Genetics and computer technology. It should be remember that the exposition of this book is also two types scientifically and logically because Quran invites us towards intelligence and wisdom.   It is responsibility of scholars to interpret the Quran contemporary because this is not merely ancient book but it is for all times and not for Arabs but for guide line of whole humanity of entire universe. It is challenges itself that no any kind of error or mistake in it foes of Islam tried to find faults but they not succeeded to do so resulting they affirmed dignity of it over on all the books.

Salicylic and Abscisic Acid Induced Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Selected Wheat Cultivars under Heat Stress

High temperature is a crucial abiotic stress which limits yield in crop plant especially in wheat (Triticum aestivum) at post anthesis stages. Salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are the plant growth hormones which act as signaling molecules and confer stress tolerance in crop plants. Five wheat cultivars namely Pakistan-2013, NARC-2009, GA-02, Inqalab-91 and BAJ were assessed under heat stress by applying SA and ABA through seed priming and foliar application under field and in-vitro conditions. Effect of terminal heat stress on wheat was evaluated in filed by normal and late sowing. Normal sown crop escaped the terminal heat stress; while in late sowing, terminal heat stress negatively affected yield related traits and reduced yield by 25%, SA and ABA seed priming improved the grain yield 17% and 13% respectively. During in-vitro evaluation, exogenous SA and ABA application reduced the effects of heat stress, seed primed plants of both the hormones showed 13% and 15% higher yields under heat stress than the control. Heat stress affected physiological traits and reduced cell membrane stability, leaf relative water content, and total chlorophyll content. Foliar application of SA enhanced membrane stability, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content by 32, 23 and 22% respectively and reduced the electrolyte leakage by 16%. Among the biochemical traits accumulation of soluble sugars, protein, proline content, hydrogen peroxide content and malondialdehyde content in the cells was increased, and antioxidant enzymatic activities were up-regulated under heat stress. Further 37, 74 and 87% elevated soluble protein, proline and soluble sugar content was observed in response to SA foliar. SA foliar application reduced hydrogen peroxide content and malondialdehyde content by 42 and 39% respectively. xxii Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activity was doubled under heat stress in response to SA and ABA seed priming as compared to control. Protein profiling and expression analysis was carried out for NAC transcription factors in response to heat stress and hormonal application. Several different heat shock proteins ranging from 50 to 98 kDa were produced under heat stress and in response to hormonal application in all selected cultivars. A novel heat shock protein of 60 kDa was expressed in NARC-2009 in response to salicylic acid seed priming whose sequence analysis identified it as a chaperone protein, RuBisCO large subunit-binding protein subunit alpha and beta (CPN-60 α and β). NAC transcription factors showed varied response to heat stress and hormonal application in all cultivars. Transcript level of TaNAC6B was higher under salicylic acid application in heat stress, and TaNAC67 was up-regulated by both salicylic and abscisic acid application during heat stress. TaNAC2D was up-regulated in NARC-2009 by salicylic and abscisic acid seed priming and by SA foliar application in GA-02. TaNAC6B, TaNAC67 and TaNAC2B showed higher transcript level in BAJ under all hormonal applications under heat stress. The expression of NAC transcriptional factors in response to salicylic acid and abscisic acid priming confirmed the positive role of these two hormones in enhancing tolerance against heat stress in tested wheat varieties including BAJ. These findings may be used to screen wheat cultivars through expression analysis against heat stress, develop heat tolerant cultivars and to improve performance of existing wheat cultivar against heat stress through hormonal priming.