ام المومنین سیدہ ام حبیبہ ؓ
ام المومنین حضرت ام حبیبہ ؓ ، ابو سفیان بن حرب کی بیٹی تھیں ان کی والدہ صفیہ بنت ابو العاس تھی جو حضرت عثمان ؓ کی پھوپھی تھیں ۔ ابو سفیان اور صفیہ سے ایک بیٹی ہوئی جس کا نام رملہ رکھا ۔ ام حبیبہ ؓ عبیداللہ بن جحش کی زوجہ تھیں ان کے ساتھ انہوں نے حبشہ کی طرف ہجرت کی ۔ دوسری ہجرت حبشہ میں بھی دونوں میاں بیوی شریک تھے ۔ حبشہ میں قیام کے دوران ان کے ہاں ایک بیٹی نے جنم لیا جس کا نام باپ نے حبیبہ رکھا ۔ اس کے بعد رملہ کو سب لوگ ام حبیبہ ؓ کے نام سے منسوب کرنے لگے پھر یہی نام بہ زبان زد عام ہو گیا ۔ عبیداللہ بن جحش مرتد ہو گئے اور وہ دین اسلام چھوڑ کر عیسائی بن گئے لیکن سیدہ ام حبیبہ ؓ دین اسلام پر قائم رہیں ۔
ایک شبہ کا ازالہ : ابن حبان نے سیدہ عائشہ ؓ سے یہ روایت بیان کی ہے کہ عبداللہ بن جحشؓ نے ام حبیبہ ؓکے ساتھ حبشہ کو ہجرت کی ، جب وہ حبشہ پہنچے تو عبداللہ بیمار ہوگئے اور وفات پا گئے ۔ جب اس کے انتقال کا وقت آیا تو اس نے رسول اللہ ﷺ کے لیے ایک وصیت چھوڑی ، پس آپ نے وصیت کے پیش نظر ام حبیبہ ؓ سے نکاح کیا اور نجاشی بادشاہ نے سیدہ ؓ کو شرجیل بن حسنہؓ کی معیت میں حبشہ سے مدینہ روانہ کر دیا ۔ ( امہات المو منین ۔۲۶۸) اس روایت میں دو باتیں قابل غور ہیں ۔ اول تو نام ہے جو اس روایت میں عبداللہ آیا ہے حالانکہ صحیح نام عبیداللہ ہے ۔ ابن حبان کو سہو ہوا ہے نیز یہ درست ہے کہ عبداللہ بن جحش...
Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition related to the development of the brain that can lead to persistent challenges with socialization, restricted interests, and repeated behaviour. Diagnosis for ASD is used as a basis of DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder) produced by American Psychiatric Association. ASD is observed in children during early years of life and significantly affects an individual’s wellbeing. Autism has remained a mystery for many specialists and researchers for years. Although the cause of autism is still unknown, a number of strategies have been developed that have helped so many people around the world to live independently. So far there are no authentic facts for ASD prevalence in Pakistan however the statistics is roughly calculated from South Asia that ASD might be as common in Pakistan as somewhere else around the world. In a country like Pakistan where Autism is still a new phenomenon especially in rural areas, we have very restricted qualified human resources to provide a reliable rehabilitation service for a child with ASD and their family. Apart from that due to inadequate awareness exposure, knowledge, and incompetency in diagnosis, these children go undiagnosed and are mishandled.
Impact of Teaching IPA Symbols on English Language Learners The rising popularity of English as a global language makes it necessary for the English teachers and institutes to strive for the development of their learners' communicative competence in this language. Thus, they are using every possible tactic for making them gain more language proficiency with confidence. Considering the verity about the worldwide strength of English, some private institutes in Pakistan are paving their way to standardize the communicative skills of the English language learners. So, they include IPA Symbols in their curriculum at the elementary level with the intention of providing a standard communicative environment to their learners as early as possible. The present study is a causal comparative research conducted to explore the impact of teaching IPA Symbols on English language learners. It was held between two privately run famous institutes of a metropolitan area of Pakistan. Two questionnaires / achievement tests and an opinionnaire were administered as its research tools. It brought forth that learning IPA Symbols not only improves the listening comprehension of the learners but also enhances their spelling command. Furthermore, learning IPA Symbols requires more practice on the part of the students and proper planning on the part of the teachers. The data from the opinionnaire revealed that majority of the learners enjoyed learning English language with the IPA Symbols. The researcher foresees that the present study will be useful for identifying the basic requirements for teaching / learning English language skills through IPA Symbols. Hence, it will earn credit from the educationists, policy makers, English teachers, linguists, curriculum designers and the researchers above all regarding IPA Symbols and English language learners.