ڈاکٹر ابن فرید
۸؍ مئی ۲۰۰۳ء گواردو کے ممتاز ادیب و نقاد اور اچھے افسانہ و ناول نگار ڈاکٹر ابن فرید کا انتقال ہوگیا۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ڈاکٹر ابن فرید کا اصل نام محمود مصطفےٰ صدیقی تھا، وہ ضلع بارہ بنکی میں سترکھ کے قریب کے ایک گاؤں ظفر پور میں ۲۸؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۲۵ء کو پیدا ہوئے تھے لیکن ان کی زندگی کا زیادہ حصہ علی گڑھ میں گزرا، آخر میں رام پور میں متوطن ہوگئے تھے، بیمار ہونے پر علی گڑھ میڈیکل کالج میں داخل کیے گئے، یہیں پیامِ اجل آگیا، وہاں سے ان کا جسدخاکی ان کے وطن ظفرپور لایا گیا، ۹؍ مئی کو نماز فجر کے بعد اپنے آبائی قبرستان میں سپرد خاک کردیے گئے۔
ان کے گھر کے حالات بہتر نہیں تھے، ہائی اسکول کرنے کے بعد تعلیم چھوڑ کر رائل انڈین ایر فورس میں ملازمت کرلی، یہ سلسلہ ۱۹۴۴ء سے ۱۹۴۷ء تک جاری رہا، یافت کے لحاظ سے ملازمت اچھی تھی مگر ان کو پسند نہیں تھی، وہ اپنی تعلیم جاری رکھنا چاہتے تھے، ٹیوشن سے کام چلاتے، تعلیم کا شوق انہیں علی گڑھ لے گیا، نفسیات میں داخلہ لیا، اس میں، انگریزی اور عمرانیات میں ایم۔ اے کیا، ۱۹۷۶ء میں پی۔ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری لی۔
علمی ذوق کی وجہ سے معلمی کے پیشے سے وابستہ ہوئے، مرکزی درس گاہ اسلامی رام پور سے تدریس کا آغاز کیا، پھر علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تعلیمات و عمرانیات میں لکچرر ہوئے، ملک عبدالعزیز یونیورسٹی جدہ میں بھی درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور رہے، ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد سکوتو یونیورسٹی نائجیریا اور بین الاقوامی یونیورسٹی ملیشیا نے ان کی خدمات حاصل کرنی چاہی مگر اپنی اور اہلیہ کی صحت کی خرابی کی وجہ سے معذرت کردی۔
مرحوم کا تعلق جماعت اسلامی ہند سے تھا، اس تحریک سے وابستگی کی وجہ سے ان...
Developmental projects are essential ingredients of prosperity and well-being. Every nation has to ensure that her people are living in a perfect and safe sociopolitical environment. However, it varies from region to region and place to place. UK as a country is a big economy which is capable of giving its people the type of security they need. For this purpose, various types of strategies have been emphasized which enable the government to look for the benefit of its people. Open data system is one of these important developments which have been initiated by the UK government to provide huge access to databases. It improves their learning and knowledge, and gives the opportunity to think ‘out of box’. It also enables people to polish their learning skills and take things out of their resources and utilize them fully. Although, there is some compulsion on the use of private data sources, yet it is necessary to know that not all data are confidential. The research looks into the pros and cons of using open data systems and to assess its impacts on the social and political development in UK. The use of open data system is not only beneficial for the people to perform their daily life tasks, it is important to evade corruption and foster great accountability of national institutions. So, there remains feeble chance of witnessing corruption in the society that could cause chaos in the nation. The use of open data systems is important for boosting up innovation and creativity for a developing country like Pakistan. Open data system has been seen playing a big part in establishing a trend of innovative growth pushed by the availability of these resources. The influence and impact of ‘Open Data’ has largely been observed during the recent Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) where the government has utilized the data to tackle the disease in Pakistan.
Background: Cervical cancer remains the most common cancer in women in Eastern Africa in general and Tanzania in particular. However, to a large extent cervical cancer is preventable by effective screening programmes as has been demonstrated in many developed countries. Developing countries lack formal national screening programmes. Screening is usually mainly done opportunistically. Objective: To assess the perceived barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two hospitals in Dar es Salaam. Methodology: This was a qualitative study, conducted at two hospitals in Dar es salaam, a government facility (Amana District Hospital) and a private facility (Aga Khan Hospital Dar-es-Salaam).14 Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted among 12 pregnant women aged 21 years and above attending antenatal clinics (ANC) at the two hospitals. Participants were selected through a combination of purposeful and convenient sampling. A brief screening questionnaire to identify participants with some knowledge of cervical cancer was used to select subjects for the in-depth interviews. The theoretical frame of reference was the Health Belief Model (HBM). The questionnaires were formed on the basis of the HBM. This provided a frame for the questions and will to some extent have guided the analysis and interpretation of the responses to the questionnaires and the interview data. The interview data were however categorised as described in the phenomenological method of analysis, giving themes that were not directed by the HBM. The analysis was therefore mainly data driven. The study examined the various community, institutional, and individual factors that are perceived to impede cervical cancer screening among an at-risk population in Dar-Es-salaam. Results: The thematic analysis of the interviews gave insight into the women's understanding of cervix cancer and screening for this cancer in relation to their health, their private lives and in the encounters with the health care system. This was described in five themes that emerged: Women’s poor knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening, Difficulty discusing matters of reproductive health, Perception of low personal Risk, Negative Perception Around The disease -death Sentence, Deficiencies of the Healthcare Providers/System. Conclusion: Low level of awareness and misconceptions about cervical cancer and its screening are important perceived barriers coupled with structural barriers like crowding and unreliable services in the hospitals. These could be addressed by increasing awareness and improving knowledge by incorprating this education in ANC classes. Increasing number of healthcare workers, improving patient flow systems in the hospitals