The Expression of Religious Positivity in Karen Armstrong’s Sīrah Work

Orientalists contributed much regarding their study of the Holy Qur’ān, Hadith and Sīrah since eighteenth century. Few of them attracted Muslim scholars due to the quality of their work about Islam, like the translation of the Holy Qur’ān, the indexes of Hadith literature and the translations of Arabic Sīrah books in English. These orientalists have left a positive impression regarding their contributions in introducing Islamic literature in West in their native languages. This research paper aims to present the expression of religious positivity in modern orientalist Karen Armstrong’s Sīrah work. This selection is based on the status of this Sīrah writer in present time. Her books are best sellers written on comparative religion and a huge number of people study her books and appreciate her for expressing the positive image of Islam in West. In this study, it will be found out that in which style and angle she has presented her works regarding religious positivity especially the presentation of the personality of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) to the non-Muslims and non-religious societies.

Immobilization of Lignin Peroxidase from Schizophyllum Commune Ibl-06 by Using Different Immobilization Supports

The lignin degrading enzymes system of WRF has incredible catalytic property for oxidative bio-remediation of a lot of toxic contaminants and numerous other industrial applications. Immobilization facilitates the re-use of enzymes and making them industrially applicable and eco-nomical bio-catalysts. Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 was used for the production of lignin peroxidase (LiP) in pre-optimized solid state fermentation medium of corn stover. A high yield of LiP (1347.3 U/mL) was observed in crude extract. LiP was purified (5.65 folds) by a 4 steps protocol containing ammonium sulphate fractionation, dialysis, ion-exchange (DEAE-cellulose) and size exclusion chromatography. The 38 kDa single polypeptide S. commune IBL-06 LiP migrating as a single clear band on both native and SDS-PAGE gels. The purified enzyme was then immobilized on different support matrics such as chitosan, alginate, nylon membrane, PVA, agarose and PA gels with high immobilization efficiency and stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for the verification of LiP attachment on support matrices. The maximum dye-decolorization (95.45%) potential was observed with chitosan and ca-alginate immobilized enzyme at 30°C without hemolytic toxicity. The chitosan beads-LiP retained approximately more than 70% activity after 3 frequent runs that gradually reduced to 35 % after 7th cycle of reusability. The immobilized LiP was found to show superior dye removal properties as compared to free LiP. Higher thermo stability, lower Km and high Vmax features of chitosan beads immobilizedLiP suggested its suitibility for variousbiotechnological and industrial applictaions.