یہ ،مجموعہ جولائی 1936 ء میں شائع ہوا۔ بال جبریل کی اشاعت کے ایک ہی سال بعد اردو کلام کا بہت سا حصہ جمع ہو گیا۔ بیماری کے باوجود شعر کے نزول کی کیفیت جاری رہتی ۔ اس کتاب میں بہت سے موضوعات ہیں۔ 183 عنوانات پر مشتمل اس مجموعہ کلام میں علیحدہ کوئی غزل نہیں ہے بلکہ درمیان میں ہی پانچ غزلیات کا عنوان دیا گیا ہے۔ کوئی طویل نظم نہیں ہے۔ بلکہ ”محراب گل افغان کے افکار“ کا عنوان دے کر 20 افکار پیش کیے گئے ہیں۔ افکار کے علاوہ پانچ موضوعات کو مرکزی حیثیت دی گئی ہے۔ (۱) اسلام اور مسلمان (۲) تعلیم و تربیت (۳) عورت (۴) ادبیات ، فنون لطیفہ اور (۵) سیاسیات مشرق و مغرب۔ سرورق پر لکھا ہے۔ ضرب کلیم یعنی ” اعلان جنگ دور حاضر کے خلاف۔ اقبال نے اپنی کتاب کے موضوع کی وضاحت کے لیے سرورق پر کبھی کچھ نہیں لکھا۔ رفیع الدین ہاشمی
لکھتے ہیں:
”یہ اقبال کا پہلا مجموعہ ہے جس کے سرورق پر انہوں نے کتاب کے نام اور
موضوع کی وضاحت کے لیے تو ضیحی الفاظ (اعلان جنگ دور حاضر کے خلاف)
درج کیے بلکہ ایک قطعے سے اس کی مزید تشریح بھی کی “(30)
علاج کے لیے بھو پال گئے تو شیش محل یا ریاض منزل میں لکھی جانے والی نظمیں بھی اس مجموعہ کلام میں شامل ہیں۔ ”ضرب کلیم“ کا مطالعہ اس بات کا منہ بولتا ثبوت ہے کہ شاعر مشرق پر شاعری کی دیوی مہربان ہے۔ حکیم الامت مرض الموت میں مبتلا ہو چکے ہیں مگر فکر وفن کا نزول جاری ہے۔
The paper sets out to briefly discuss mental health challenges faced by Pakistani young women, and brings out an innovative solution through a multidisciplinary approach, i.e, socio-culturally situated low-cost digital intervention. The paper begins with an overview of mental health issues. It then sheds light on the scope of open education and innovation in Pakistan. Finally, through a reflective narrative approach, I have explored my personal journey of becoming a networked practitioner, and how an open educational website emerged to intersect the needs of Pakistani young women. Data is gathered from 137 reflective diary entries and analyzed through narrative analysis approach. Digital literacy and open networking practices have shaped my digital identity and allowed me to embrace open scholarship. Networking and collaboration have helped me filtering Open Educational Resources (OERs). Further, collaborative activities encouraged participants to become the co-producers of resource development. Overall, an adaptation of low-cost technology has potentially helped participants to reflect and embrace their personal identities.
Incorporation of well-defined functional filler into a polymer matrix to form inorganic/organic composites with tailored properties represents new chemical feedstock advancement. In this work, functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (functional silsesquioxane) and quaternary ammonium compound immobilized metal graphene oxide (functional graphene oxide) hybrids with defined architectures were synthesized by wet chemical methods. The synthesized functional fillers were thoroughly characterized by using various techniques including electronic absorption (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman Spectroscopy, and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS). Functional silsesquioxane was incorporated into two polymer matrices, non-reactive and reactive, to achieve inorganic/organic composites. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as non-reactive polymer matrix and poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4, 4′-oxydianiline), amic acid solution as reactive polymer matrix were used. Functional graphene oxide was incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PMMA/PEG) blend matrix to achieve inorganic/organic composite. All the composites were prepared by low cost solution casting method. The physiochemical properties of the prepared composites were examined by using different techniques. The prepared composites analysis by FTIR, XRD, TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and SEM indicated that the functional fillers were bonded through different set of interactions including electrostatic, van der Waal and hydrogen bonding and dispersed uniformly into the polymer matrices. The prepared composites showed excellent antifouling and antibacterial performances for bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, respectively. In addition, the prepared composites performance was checked with pure water flux and gas permeability/selectivity studies. The present study would be providing advantages over existing methods to prepare nanofiller/polymer composites such as low cost, proper dispersion of fillers that would allow obtaining excellent structural, thermal, optical and surface properties of polymer nanocomposite/nanohybrids for applied water treatment and other environmental applications.