باتوں سے بھی آگے تری سانسوں میں رہیں گے
دن جب بھی پھرے ہم تری راتوں میں رہیں گے
دوڑیں گے ترے جسم میں ہم بن کے محبت
ہم زندہ ترے عشق حوالوں میں رہیں گے
ہے قحط اگر وصل کا اس دشتِ جنوں میں
ہم ہجر زدہ آس کے ناتوں میں رہیں گے
اے ابرِ محبت! نہ ترا پہلو ملا تو
ہم صیدِ قفس ہجر کی گھاتوں میں رہیں گے
خوشبو ہے کہ سایہ ہے مرا، گل کہ فضاؔ ہے
اک خواب ہے، ہم ایسے ہی خوابوں میں رہیں گے
In a Social Studies, students' academic motivation and attitudes will be useful to their academic progress. If a student is enthusiastic about a subject, he or she will do better in class and learn faster. There have been a lot of studies that have looked into students' academic motivation and attitudes toward social studies, but there does not appear to be any study that focuses on the learners themselves. This quantitative study aims to determine the level of academic motivation as well as the attitude toward social studies of 458 secondary students from public schools using the Academic Motivation Scale High School Version and Secondary Students Attitudes Towards Social Studies Scale. It also looked at whether there was a significant difference in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies when respondents were sorted by gender. Finally, it investigates the link between academic motivation and attitude towards social studies. Students are found to be "highly motivated" in terms of academic motivation and have a “positive attitude” toward social studies, according to the findings. Furthermore, when respondents were divided into gender groups, no significant differences in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies were found. Finally, academic motivation and attitude toward social studies show a significant favorable relationship.
Although Pakistan had experienced two Martial Laws before, but the Zia regime was the most crucial in the history of Pakistan where political cleansing was occurred officially with the help of Pakistan Army. Besides Pakistan Peoples Party, policies of General Zia-ul-Haq showed that he was against all the democratic force of Pakistan. And, his such attitude became the reason of starting a Movement for Restoration of Democracy. Although, the rightist political parties were supporting Zia’s policy of Islamization, referendum of 1984 and non-party based elections of 1985, but the popularity of MRD grew up day by day. Junaijo’s demand of getting democratic powers was due to the pressure building by the MRD whose basic objective was to restore parliamentary system in original shape as described in the Constitution of 1973. The results of 1988 election showed that, this movement was against the dictatorial politics of Zia-ul-Haq. This study highlights the role of Pakistan Peoples Party in the politics of Pakistan since its emergence. It covers the issues such as Zulfaqar Ali Bhutto as Foreign Minister during Ayub regime, Chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party, Civilian Martial Law Administrator and President of Pakistan, and Prime Minister of Pakistan. Similarly, this study focuses upon the political environment which was designed after the military coup of General Zia-ul-Haq, where workers and leaders of Pakistan Peoples Party were suffered a lot. After the hanging of Bhutto and implementation of Zia’s policies of Islamization, Movement for the Restoration of Democracy started which is the case study of this research. The consequences of this movement on Zia’s referendum of 1984, non-party based elections of 1985 and Zia-Junaijo differences are also observed here. Keeping in view the organization of the study the thesis deals with the introduction consisted of the statement of the problems, justification and objectives of the study, hypothesis, research questions and organization of the study. It is divided into six chapters. Chapter one focuses upon the role of political parties in Pakistan during different regimes since 1947-77. Chapter two highlights emergence and rise of Pakistan Peoples Party since 1967 and presented different policies and reforms under the leadership of Zulfaqar Ali Bhutto. Chapter three defines imposition of MRD as revolutionary Movement. Participation of other political parties, Benazeer’s hardships, Election of 1985 and its effects on the history of Pakistan. Chapter four tries to evaluate the major steps of Zia-ul-Haq and consequences of controlled democracy. Chapter five deals with the ending of Martial Law and the beginning of controlled democracy. Chapter six is based on conclusion, findings and recommendations.