جوشؔ ملیح آبادی
پاکستان ہی میں اردو کے مشہور شاعر جوش ملیح آبادی کی وفات ہوئی، انھوں نے اردو شاعری کی صنف نظم گوئی کو بڑی ترقی دی، غزل کے بجائے نظم گو کی حیثیت سے زیادہ مقبول ہوئے، ان کے مداح ان کے فن اور شاعرانہ مہارت کے بڑے قدردان رہے، مگر ان کے کچھ ناقد ایسے بھی ہیں، جو ان کی شاعری ہی میں خیالات کی بلندی اور پاکیزگی کے بجائے صرف گھن گرج اور چیخ و پکار زیادہ پاتے ہیں، دینی حلقوں میں تو اپنے ملحدانہ اور رندانہ طرز فکر کی وجہ سے اچھی نظر سے نہیں دیکھے جاتے، مگر جب کبھی اردو شاعری کی تاریخ لکھی جائے گی تو اس میں ان کے شاعرانہ فن کی وجہ سے ان کو نمایاں جگہ دی جائے گی۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، اپریل ۱۹۸۲ء)
Pemahaman konsep sangat berguna dalam penyelesaian masalah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Toma pada materi persamaan garis lurus. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber informan yaitu: siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Toma dengan jumlah 33 orang. Teknik analisis data yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu: tes dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diperoleh bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB) berada pada 12%, kategori Baik (B) berada 21%, kategori Cukup (C) berada pada 27%, kategori Kurang (K) berada pada kategori 33%, kategori Sangat Kurang (SK) berada 6%. Sehingga kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika lebih dominan pada kategori Kurang (K) sebesar 33%. Peneliti menyarankan agar guru dapat membangkitkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
“The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” The research on “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” primarily focuses on the function of geography both as an impediment and expedient for human security in the region. It explores into the risks posed by geography as well as the dividends that may be accrued for improvement of human security profile and in turn the peace and conflict state in the region. Mixed method, i.e. a combination of quantitative and qualitative research techniques, has been used. The theoretical framework of geo-humanism has been evolved to determine the role of geography in human security. The matrix of geo-humanism includes geography-technology-governance (GTG) process to improve the human security profile of a region. The physical geography of Gilgit-Baltistan has been analyzed in the light of the five themes of geography adopted by the Association of American Geographers in 1984 to include location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region. The interaction of geography has been studied in the light of seven subsets of human security as enunciated in the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report of 1997. Details of human geography and contextual makeup of GB include historical perspective, administrative structure, sectarian profile, linguistic makeup, ethnic profile, the cultural geography, and the interaction between geography, history and culture. The theoretical framework of geo-humanism has been applied to GB as a case study. Public opinion based on the survey, using a mixed method to include cluster and random survey techniques, has been carried out in GB region, which verify a number of key assumptions and validates key assumptions. Findings of the study validate the hypothesis. The findings of the dissertation confirm a strong role of geography in human security makeup of the GB region, and governance and technology as the remedies. Political security is greatly influenced by geography in a number of ways. Economic security of GB is primarily dependent on the geographic dividends or difficulties. Food security, which has its roots in agriculture, is purely dependent on geo-climatic conditions of the region. Geo-climatic conditions have both positive and negative effects on health security profile of the region.