بدلہ جنگی انصاف کی ایک قسم ہے جس کی جانب آدمی کی فطرت بہت زیادہ مائل ہے۔ اس قانون کو ختم کر دینا چاہیے ۔ وہ آدمی جو پہلے سے غلطی کرتا ہے وہ قانون کا مجرم ہوتا ہے لیکن دوسرا بندہ جو اس غلط کئے کا بدلہ لیتا ہے وہ قانون کو اپنے ہاتھ میں لے لیتا ہے۔ یقینا ایک آدمی بدلہ لینے سے برتر نہیں ہو جاتا۔ مگر جو بدلہ لینے سے باز رہتا ہے ، وہ عظیم ہوتا ہے کیونکہ معاف کر دینا شاہانہ و اعلٰی عمل ہے اور حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کہتے ہیں کہ برائی یا جرم کو نظر انداز کرنا آدمی کی عظمت ہے ۔ وہ جو ماضی میں گزر چکا ہے وہ واپس نہیں آسکتا لیکن عقل مند آدمیوں کے لیے حال اور مستقبل میں کرنے کے لیے بہت کچھ ہوتا ہے۔ اس لیے وہ ماضی کے گزرے ہوئے واقعات پر اپنی توانائیاں اور وقت کا ضیاع نہیں کرتے ۔ کوئی آدمی ایسا نہیں ہے جو غلط کام کی خاطر غلط کرے۔ لیکن یہاں پر وہ منافع خوشی ، عزت یا اسی طرح کی کوئی چیز حاصل کرتا ہے ۔ اس لیے مجھے اس آدمی سے ناراض نہیں ہونا چاہیے جو مجھ سے زیادہ اپنے آپ سے محبت کرتا ہے۔ اور اگر کوئی آدمی اپنی کینہ پرور خاصیت کی وجہ سے کچھ غلط کرتا ہے کیونکہ یہ اس کی خصلت ہے جیسا کہ کانٹا اور جنگلی بوٹی چبھتے ہیں یا خراش لگا دیتے ہیں اس لیے کہ اس کے علاوہ وہ کچھ کر نہیں ہے سکتے ۔ ان غلطیوں کے لیے بدلہ کی قابل معافی قسم ہے جس میں ممکنہ قانونی عمل موجود ہیں۔ لیکن پھر بھی آدمی کو بڑے غور و حوض سے بدلہ لینا چاہیے تا کہ کوئی قانون اسے سزا نہ دے سکے۔ اس کے علاوہ اس...
“This Quran has been revealed in seven different ways; so, recite it in the way that is easier for you.” This hadith is Recurrent in meaning. The narrator Imam Abu Ubaid Qasim Bin Salam (R.A) has elucidated its recurrence. Imam Abn-e- Jouzi (R.A) has collected all its ways in a Journal. What is meant by “Seven Words” in this Hadith? It has been a controversial point among the ulemas and scholars. And no doubt, it has been regarded as the most difficult debate of Uloom-ul- Quran. There have been severe controversies in this regard, so far as Allama Ibn-e - Arabi has mentioned thirty-five sayings. Some of them are as following:
Some think these are the ways of recitations of seven famous Qaries.
Some think that it means all the ways of recitations. But “Seven” does not means the number 07, because in Arabic language, it is used to describe the plenty of something. Qazi Ayyaz from Earleir Ulemas had the same opinion, while in the later period; Shah Wali-Ullah also had the same views.
Some think that it means seven dialects of Arab Tribes. Imam Abu Hatim Sajestani (R.A) determined the name of these languages. They are Quraish, Hazial, Teem, Al-Rubab, Azd, Rabbia, Hawazan, and Saad bin Abi-Bakar. Hafiz Abn-e- Jareer Tibri (R.A) agreed to this school of thought. The fourth famous saying is that of Imam Tehavi (R.A.) he says that although he Holy Quran has been revealed in the dialect of Quraish. But it was difficult for the people of other tribes, which came of different areas of Arab. That is why, in the beginning, they were permitted to recite the Holy Quran in their local languages, and the words or ways were determined by the holy prophet (P.B.U.H) himself. Later, it was prohibited. There remained only the one way of recitation in which the holy Quran was revealed. HAzrat Sufian bin Aiena (R.A), Abn-e-Wahab (R.A) and Hafiz Ibn-e- Abdul Bar (R.A) agreed to this opinion.
Famous interpreter Allama Nizamul Din Nishapori (R.A) says that it means the following differences in the recitation.
Differences between Singular and Plurals
Differences between Muscular and Feminine
Differences of the causes of Araabs
Differences of Morphology (Formation of Words)
Differences of syntax (Sentence Structure)
Differences of the ways which changes words
Differences of dialects
Allama Abn-e- Qutaiba, (R.A), Imam Razi Qazi (R.A) and Abu Bakar(R.A) and Abn-e Aljuzri (R.A) also adopted this saying of Allama Nisahpuri.(R.A).
Measurements from ISR, SPS, Tevatron ineluding most recent measurements by E- 81 1 collaboration and future measurements from PP2PP at RH1C as well as from CMS, and TOTEM at LHC throws light on various aspects of elastic and diffractive scattering. We have analysed the world data for proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering in the light of predictions of various models with special focus on Eikonal picture and QCD inspired models. Special emphasis has been given on the shrinkage of the diffraction peak and dip structure in the differential cross section besides encompassing other physical parameters. These parameters have been computed in the light of Generalized Chou-Yang model and compared with other models with special emphasis on the possibility of multiple dip structure at RH1C and LHC energies. Role of p, ration of the real and imaginary parts of the scattering amplitude, in the appearance or otherwise of multiple structure has also been considered. At the same time, presence of Odderon at high energy has been in question for quite some time. Wc have probed the Odderon description in theory and possibility of its search at the current and future colliders. The Odderon in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD has been discussed along with some phenomenological approaches. A comparison of the Odderon description with other models has also been made with the available data including measurements from cosmic ray. which corresponds to the LHC energy of 14 TeV and beyond. Our sludy also focuses on the measurements at RHTC and LHC and the presence or otherwise of Odderon, In the light of this analysis, suggestions for future measurements have been made.