پہلی گل
پاکستان ایئر فورس دی ملازمت دے دور ان رسالپور اکیڈمی دے وچ جس ویلے میں ایم۔اے پنجابی کیتا تے دل وچ ہک کرلاٹ پے گئی۔کیوں کہ پنجابی ادب بندے نوں ورثے وچ ملیا سی۔والد صاحب حافظ قرآن تے درویش منش آدمی سن۔تے پنجابی دیاں کتاباں ،ہیر وارث شاہ،سسی پنوں،یوسف زلیخا،مولوی غلام رسول،کافیاں بُلھے شاہ،کافیاں شاہ حسین،سی حرفی سلطان باہو تے بوٹے گجراتی دیاں سی حرفیاں،تے دائم اقبال دائم دی کتاب سیف الملوک وغیرہ پہلے ہی گھر وچ مو جود سن۔ایس واسطے زیادہ تر سی حرفیاںتے بارہ ماہ ۱۹۹۴ئ،۱۹۹۵ء وچ ای لکھے گئے۔
وقت گزر دار ہیا تے ۲۰۱۸ء وچ بندے نیں ایم۔فل اردو کیتا تے اردو ،پنجابی وچ لکھن دا شوق پیدا ہویا۔بقول وارث شاہ:
’’بجھی عشق دی اگ نوں وا لگی،سماں آیا ای شوق جگاونے دا ‘‘
پنجابی غزلاں زیادہ تر ۲۰۱۸ تے ۲۰۱۹ وچ لکھیا ں گئیاں۔کتاب دا ناں’’دکھاں دی پنڈ ‘‘میرے اپنے ذہن دی پیداوار اے۔دنیاں دُکھّاں تے مصیبتاں دا گھر اے۔دنیا تے بھانویں کوئی جیڈا وی سکھی ہووے ،کوئی نہ کوئیدکھ ہر اک نوں ضرور ہوندا اے۔سیانے آکھدے نیں’’دکھاں توں بعد ای سکھ ملدے نیں‘‘۔جے دھپ ہے تے چھاں ہے،جے رات ہے تے دن ہے،جے ہنیرا ہے تے چانن ہے۔پھل بڑے نازک تے خوشبوواں دیون والے ہوندے نیں پر کنڈیاں توں خالی نہیں ۔ایس واسطے سکھاں دا صواد وی دکھاں توں بعد ہی اوندا اے۔
’’یار میرا جے دکھ وچ راضی، میں سکھ نوں چلھے پاواں‘‘
جے بندے نوں کوئی وی دکھ نہ ہووے تے وقتِ نزع تاں گیا ہی کدائیں نہیں۔
ساڈے با بے آدم نوں رب نے جنت وچوں کڈھ کے تے زمین تے چا سٹیا۔گویا جنت وچوں نکل کے ہک قسم دے دوزخ وچ آ گئے،تے نال ہی’’دکھاں دی پنڈ ‘‘سر تے آ گئی۔اﷲ پاک نے اپنے ساریاں پیاریاں پیغمبراں نوں دکھ دے کے آزمایا۔وصل دیاں لذتاں وی ہجر فراق...
The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study. Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected. Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners. Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data. It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.
Distribution engineers investigate economical and technical feasibility of new capacity expansion alternatives. Distributed generation (DG) can be used effectively to support the customer’s power quality requirements. DG is an imperative tool that can partially replace the need to erect new generating stations in order to cope with the increasing load demands. However, numerous complexities arise like parallel operation of DG within existing system, phenomena of islanding and its detection, micro grid operation, monitoring and control etc. Several techniques have been developed for the effective detection of islanding. These techniques have numerous deficiencies. First of all, a majority of these islanding detection techniques have been developed only for balanced three phase load. No single-phase load and unbalanced three phase loads have been considered. Secondly, successful transfer into autonomous micro grid operation requires islanding detection and a subsequent change in control strategy of micro grid DG units. Thirdly, this operation causes large amount of current flow out of the micro grid into the fault, resulting in severely depressed micro grid bus voltage. In this research work, the emphasis is to improve these problems and overcome the drawbacks of existing techniques. The aims and objectives of this study are to develop a novel islanding detection technique, reliable, effective and efficient operation of DG in coordination with main utility network as well as power quality improvement for essential load. In order to improve the power quality of distribution network and to detect the islanding phenomena with DG, innovative techniques are required to implement the solution and mitigate the problems effectively. In this research study, using an analytical approach, two algorithms have been designed; a comprehensive algorithm for the implementation of distributed generation (IDG) by finding the optimal size and location of ivDG for power quality improvement and a new islanding detection algorithm (NIDA) for islanding detection under multiple distributed generation scenarios. The proposed algorithms can be utilized effectively to enhance the feeder performance having randomly distributed loads. The algorithms have been designed in “C language” and are based upon the power quality improvement of distribution feeder in terms of node voltage profile enhancement, power loss reduction and islanding detection in multi-DG scenario. The newly designed algorithms outperform the conventional approaches, which encounter numerous complexities during their implementation. The designed algorithms have the capabilities to operate under uniform and non-uniform loads with low power factor for both single DG and multi-DG scenario. The suggested algorithms have been implemented on different feeders including, 11kV feeder, 12.5kV feeder and IEEE 34 bus feeder. The feeders have been simulated in “C-language” and the results have been verified. The simulation results show that the algorithms can be implemented efficiently to detect the islanding phenomena and enhance the distribution system performance in terms of node voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction.