52. At-Tur/The Mountain
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
52:01
a. By the Mountain Sinai,
52:02
a. and a Scripture revealed and written,
52:03
a. on parchment unrolled,
52:04
a. and the House of worship, continuously inhabited,
52:05
a. and the roof of the sky raised so high,
52:06
a. and the sea constantly surging.
52:07
a. Surely the punishment from your Rabb - The Lord will be coming indeed– unavoidable for those who deserve it.
52:08
a. There will be no reverting or averting to it – it is bound to happen.
52:09
a. It will all happen at The Time when the celestial realm will shake in a violent shake,
52:10
a. and the mountains will move all around with an awesome movement.
52:11
a. Woe - at that Time - to those who belie and deny the coming of this Time,
52:12
a. who - in their recklessness – are playing around with speculation and conjunctures.
52:13
a. The Time when they will be shoved forcibly into the Hell,
52:14
a. and told:
b. ‘This is the Fire – the one you had been belying’ and denying.
52:15
a. ‘Is this a deception which you used to deride, or
b. do you still not see’ this as a reality?
52:16
a. ‘Enter it now!
b. It is all the same whether you endure it – the hellfire - patiently or impatiently you will have to endure it in either case -
c. for you are only being paid back...
Ethical Vices in Divine Books (Quran & Bible): A Comparative Study Morality implies values that distinguish between good and bad behavior. Divine religions have private behavioral value frameworks that are intended to guide followers in determining between right and wrong. Moral values are important in life because: If a person has never learned about moral values then how can he/she decide between the good and the bad. Moral values reflect an individual's character and spirituality. They help in building good relationships in personal as well as professional lives. In this article comparative study of ethical vices’ in light of divine books has been conducted. While doing so the behaviors like Pretention, Miserly, scrooge, Exuberance, Slandering, to lie, Faults/ Curiosity, make fun etc. Are being discussed and analyzed in order to highlight the moral teachings of the divine books. Texts from Torah, Psalm, Gospels and Quran on these vices are studied and analyzed. Study shows that divine books other than Quran have discussed immoral or wicked behavior briefly and just point out the vices but Quran and Sunnah discussed in detail about wicked behavior and also educate about the strategies that can steer you away from temptations and vices. Thus, the Qur’ᾱnic laws and injunctions make our life good and purposeful in this world and hereafter.
Sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids L.) is a highly treasured perennial crop and happens to be the economic backbone of many countries including Pakistan. Apart from abiotic factors, diseases inflicted by fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens have the most damaging effect over the growth of sugarcane. Whip smut of sugarcane is one such disease caused by fungus Sporisorium scitamineum which posses a major threat to cane yield. The most effectual remedy to tackle the problem is to develop resistant cultivars that stand a far greater chance of surviving the disease outbreak.The advent of molecular marker techniques has massively enhanced the process of selection for disease resistance in sugarcane employed in breeding programs. The current work was a small contribution towards the same goal and exploited the potential of molecular markers to distinguish between smut resistant and susceptible cultivars of sugarcane. Moreover, identification of Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs) was another strategy to understand the defense mechanism utilized by the crop. The initial screening experiments to differentiate between two completely resistant and two completely susceptible Pakistani cultivars involved detection of DNA polymorphism among the respective samples using 200 RAPD primers. Forty four of these primers turned out to be highly polymorphic, 20 of which produced trait specific loci in the four sugarcane genotypes. Furthermore, it was discovered that decamers A-20, E-05 and OPAV-10 produced 4 loci linked with resistant cultivars, while 4 loci were generated by primers B-17, OPAD-01, OPAD-13 and OPAX-14 specific to susceptible cultivars. However, primer A-09 amplified 2 markers of 1200 bp and 500 bp from resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. The disparity between resistant and susceptible cultivars was further highlighted when cluster analysis separated the two genotypes into two discrete groups. In order to detect RAPD markers associated with smut resistance phenotype in sugarcane, six pooled bulks of DNA from Pakistani cultivars (i.e. comprising 2 completely resistant, 2 completely susceptible, 4 moderately resistant and 4 moderately susceptible genotypes) and USA cultivar (i.e. containing 5 resistant and 5 susceptible clones of LCP85-84 F2 mapping population) were prepared. The screening of the six DNA bulks with 500 arbitrary decamers eventually revealed two RAPD markers (B-17 and I-20) linked with smut responses in Pakistani and USA cultivars, respectively. The marker B-17 produced a reproducible polymorphic fragment which appeared to cosegregate in repulsion with sugarcane smut resistance in Pakistani cultivars. On the other hand, RAPD decamer I-20 was tightly linked with resistance in smut resistant clones of USA cultivar LCP85-384 F2 population. Two Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers were designed from the sequences of B-17 and I-20 products and were found to be specific to resistant cultivars of Pakistan and resistant clones of LCP85-384 F2 population, respectively. The SCAR marker developed from B-17 sequence was used to screen seven additional sugarcane cultivars of Pakistan with SCAR marker, verified the earlier findings by showing essentially similar results.In order to conduct further study, ten sets of oligonucleotides were designed to tag the nucleotide-binding site attached to leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domain of RGAs (resistance gene analogues) and other related sequences reported in the members of family Poaceae (maize, rice, sorghum and foxtail millet). The PCR amplifications of Pakistani and USA cultivars using these 10 primers resulted in the identification of three RGAs (MRGA3, MRGA5 and MRGA2) showing discriminating products with respect to smut resistance trait in sugarcane. The sequences of three isolated RGAs were analyzed and compared with that of documented R genes. The results of NCBI blast, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed sequence homology of the three RGAs with reported R genes and RGA-like sequences. The final study was based on targeting sequences in sugarcane genome which may have a part to play in the resistance mechanism of plants against fungal attack. These sequences included a reported SCAR marker linked with covered smut resistance in barley and a canecystatin partial mRNA sequence. In a nut-shell, our study provided molecular basis to distinguish between smut resistant and smut susceptible sugarcane cultivars of both Pakistan and USA.