الاستحسان وحجيته في التشريع الاسلامي

Due to the requirement of Muslim Ummah in current issues a few rules were added in Islamic Jurisprudence. Among these new added rules is Al-Istehsan. The article discussed this rule covering the points given below: - Various definitions ofAl-Istehsan and its explanation. - Five types; Istehsan by nuss, Istehsan by ijmaa, Istehsan by urf, Istehsan by need, istehsan by qiyas. - Authenticity of Al-Istehsan by citing different opinions of the scholars. - Difference between Al-Istehsan and qiyas

Natural Infestationof Rice Bug Leptocorisa Oratorius Hemiptera: Alydidae on Seed Viability, Yield and Quality of Oryza Sativa Crop in Vehari

Research was conducted on rice crop to see the impact of rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius on yield, quality and crop value at adoptive research station Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. The studies showed that L. oratorius attacks on rice plant and produce unfilled grains. During research process, the infestation level of rice bug was observed on four rice varieties, Basmati-385, 11 Basmati-386, Basmati-2000 and Super-Basmati to see the effect of rice bug on rice plant and percentage of damaged rice plants were also observed. Results have shown that in potential grain loss, maximum 420 grains were damaged at 6 levels in Basmati-2000 while minimum were recorded 210 grains/30 days of intervals in Basmati-386. While the effect of bug on grain yield produced was maximum and 37% unfilled grains with bug?s density and maximum loss was occurred 11% at level 9 and maximum grains were present 475/m at 0 levels. Similarly maximum 100 grains weights were found in Basmati-386. Grain % with feeding sheath was recorded 85% in Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 while 65% in Basmati-386 and maximum 95% seed germination was found in Basmati-2000 at 0 levels and minimum 31% at 9 levels. It was observed that L. oratorius nourished on rice plant and formed empty and incompletely filled grains. At the same degree of invasion, Basmati-386 and Super-Basmati had greater harvest, less injured grain, and more growth amounts than Basmati-2000, Basmati-385 in which rice bug were attacked more and these plants allowed rice bug nourishment. Results have shown that rice bug L. oratorius attacks on rice plant and nourished on fluid of stem and seed of rice. Rice bug mainly attacks at flowering and milky stage of spikelets. It was observed that when rice bug attacks on rice plant, 21% of rice yield reduced by rice bug L. oratorius in calculation to poor grain yield and low development percentage