The Enigma of Stable Employment: Does Job Security Really Make Difference in Employee Performance?

Employees are the precious assets of organizations and play a vital role in success or failure of any organization. Job security is one of the main goals of employees in Pakistan. It is also considered one of the important factors for job attitude. As it has been considered and supported by researches that job security creates job satisfaction and job satisfaction has positive relationship with performance. This research explored relationship between job security and job performance of employees in organization. The sample consists of 60 employees from nine organizations of District Badin (Private, Public & NGOs), convenient sampling technique was used. Close-ended Questionnaire was divided in two portions, the first portion comprises on 6 items about job security that was filled by employees, and the second portion consists of 15 items about job performance and was filled by their bosses afterward. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 in terms of Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Correlation. Non-confirmed employees are performing better as compared to confirmed employees due to fear of loss of job at any time as they believe that performance causes to get a job secured. Results demand for serious consideration about motivation, evaluation, confirmation and probation policies in organizations.

Multivariate Ratio and Exponential Estimators for Population Variance in Two-Phase Sampling Using Multi-Auxiliary Variables

In this dissertation, multivariate ratio and regression-cum-exponential type estimators have been proposed for estimating the finite population variance using the multi-auxiliary variables under two-phase sampling scheme. In Chapter 1, the discussion about the use of auxiliary information, twophase sampling procedure, variance estimation is given. The literature related to the use of multi-auxiliary variables, variance estimation under two-phase sampling and some modified estimators are discussed in Chapter 2. The major contribution of this dissertation appears in Chapter 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The multivariate ratio-type estimators along with some special cases are discussed in Chapter 3. These estimators are discussed for the three situations, the partial information, the full information and the no information. The expressions for variance covariance matrices are computed for multivariate cases and the univariate cases have also been discussed. In Chapter 4, the multivariate regression-cum-exponential estimators along with the special cases and the minimum variance covariance expressions are discussed. Further these estimators are also derived for the full and the no information cases. The optimum values for the constants have also been discussed. The real life Canadian climate data is used to check the efficiency of our proposed (ratio and regression-cum-exponential) estimators, in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 is based on the simulation studies. In simulation studies, we used two models to demonstrate the performance of our proposed estimators. The last Chapter of this dissertation contains the conclusions about our proposed and existing estimators and it is discussed how our proposed estimators are more efficient than existing estimators.