نواب رحمت اﷲ خاں شروانی مرحوم
۱۰؍ جنوری کی صبح علی گڑھ سے برادرم ڈاکٹر جمشید ندوی نے خبردی کہ نواب رحمت اﷲ خاں شروانی نے آخر شب قریب ساڑھے چار بجے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
خودنمائیوں کی جستجو میں مصروف اس دنیا کو کیسے بتایا جائے کہ جانے والا کون تھا؟ کبھی ہمارے صاحب دل شاعر نے بزم دہلی کا نوحہ کرتے ہوئے کہا تھا کہ:
یادگار بزم دہلی ایک حالی رہ گیا
افسوس اب علی گڑھ کی بزم دوشیں کی یہ یادگار بھی اٹھ گئی جس نے علم نوازی اور علم پروری کی ان روایات کو مدۃالعمر زندہ و تابندہ رکھا جن کا ذکر اب شاید ماضی کی داستانوں میں ملتا ہے۔
نواب صاحب نے قریب بیاسی سال کی عمر پائی، ۱۶؍ فروری ۲۹ء میں پیدا ہوئے، بھیکم پور کی ریاست گومملکت نہ تھی تاہم ۳۶۵ قریوں اور قصبات کی ملکیت، نوابی کے تمام معروف مظاہر کے لیے کم بھی نہیں، لیکن شروانی خاندان نے حکومت و سطوت کی ظاہر علامتوں سے بیزاری پر اپنی قدروں کی استواری کو ترجیح دی، عمل داری رہی تو علم و حلم اور جود و سخاوت کی، رحمت اﷲ شروانی مرحوم کی تربیت اسی ماحول میں ہوئی، تعلیم کے لیے وہ مشہور دون اسکول ضرور گئے لیکن صحت کی ناسازی کی وجہ سے یہ تعلیم تکمیل کے مراحل تک نہ پہنچ سکی، البتہ علم پرور ماحول نے ان کو علم شناسی کی ایسی دولت دی جس سے وہ ہمیشہ پرثروت رہے اور دوسروں کو بھی تونگر بناتے رہے، مال و زر کی جگہ بہترین کتابوں سے ان کا خزانہ بیش قیمت ہوتا رہا اور یہ دوسروں پر بھی نچھاور ہوتا گیا۔ ان کے والد کے متعلق کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ سرسید کی گود میں کھیل کر جواں ہوئے تھے، قدرتاً...
Every year heads of different states make their speeches in the general debate of United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). They address national and international issues and suggest measures to resolve them with the help of international community and the United Nations. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also made speeches in the UNGA. In 2013, he was newly elected prime minister and was enthusiastic to resolve issues with India. There was no internal political pressure on him at that time and the government in India was hostile towards Pakistan. But one year in power and embattled with domestic issues and international pressure, the prime minster approached the issues differently in his 2014 speech. The aim of this paper is to compare his two speeches and see what changes occurred in his stance towards India. The main focus of the analysis is: Who is the addressee of these speeches? How confident did Nawaz feel about the solution of the issues that he raised. The Corpus tool Wmatrix has been used to analyze the data. The results show significant differences in his two speeches with regard to his stance towards India.
The soil fertility depends on the maintenance of microbial processes and activities for the completion of nutrient cycles. The management practices of soil and man-made activities which add contaminants i.e., heavy metals in the soil potentially have long term effects over microbial diversity in different ecosystems like in current study (Agriculture research Centre, the soil near industrial area and rural area). The present PhD program has examined the effects of heavy metals over microbial biomass, soil respiration and metabolic quotient in the said areas. An experiment was carried out in Agriculture Research Centre at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan on the effect of heavy metals on soil microbial biomass, soil respiration and metabolic quotient during four seasons. Microbial biomass showed significance in all three metals during spring and winter at (P<0.001) while in case of soil respiration only Cd showed significance in both seasons. Metabolic quotient expressed significance at (P<0.001) in case of Cu+Cd during spring and with Zn+Cd at (P<0.001) in winter season. The results show that metals are in sequence of Cd>Cu>Zn in their effects and toxicity and spring is dominant in case of all metals. The soil was verified for soil physical and chemical contamination nearby Multan Industrial Estate (MIE). Six parameters consisting of pH, Organic Matter (OM%), Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were taken as representatives for the study from five sites out of which the farthest two sites were chosen as control. Physico-chemical parameters were determined by using standard techniques Plasma Spectrophotometer. The results showed significant relationship among parameters at (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001). First two sites near industrial area expressed high level of contamination of metals. The distribution of trace metals was observed in order of Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd which explains that out of four elements, Zn and Pb contributed prominent level of absorption in the soil. The final results of the overall study conclude that microbial diversity and soil diversity are interdependent and both can augment each other. However, rural and urban soils are dissimilar from each other in both containing soil microbial community and physiochemical properties and rural soil has more clear support for microbial community than in urban soil. Moreover, industries are the contributing factor of heavy metal contamination. It is suggested such practices should be ceased at the earliest that increased the level of soil pollution.