پوتا، مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی
بُرہان اورندوۃ المصنّفین کے احباب کویہ معلوم کرکے صدمہ ہوگا کہ گزشتہ ماہ دسمبر کی ۷؍ تاریخ کومولانا مفتی عتیق الرحمن صاحب عثمانی کااکلوتا پوتا دس برس کی عمر میں تین چاردن کی علالت کے بعد سب کو داغِ مفارقت دے گیا۔بچّہ نہایت ذہین وطباع اورہونہار تھا،تعلیم بھی بہت اعلیٰ پیمانہ پر ہورہی تھی، ایک نہیں کئی کئی گھروں کاچشم وچراغ اور رونقِ خانہ تھا۔ موت برحق ہے لیکن اُس غنچۂ ناشگفتہ کوکیاکہیے جس نے عالمِ آب و گِل میں داخل ہوکر ابھی زندگی کا ارمان کیاہی تھا کہ موت کے دستِ ستم نے اُس کوخوابِ عدم میں پہنچا دیا۔ اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ اللھم اجعلہ لنا اجراً وذخراً وشافعاً ومشفعاً۔
[جنوری ۱۹۶۷ء]
The doctrine of Khul’ has, within the course of last few years, assumed a great deal of importance in Pakistan because literacy rate in women is increasing rapidly and their dependency on men is decreasing. Now, women can easily make their own decisions with free consent due to their some awareness about their rights, especially regarding dissolution of marriage. Majority of women is still ignorant about dissolution of marriage on the ground of Khul’. Therefore, it is very necessary to explain all different aspects of “doctrine of Khul’” for ensuring justice in our society. The present research has mainly explored the grounds of judicial Khul’ and other relevant incidents in the light of Pakistani Case Law based on Islamic family Law. The research is based primarily on the decisions of superior courts of Pakistan. The decisions of family courts of Pakistan have been included in the discussion. The relevant provisions of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 and the Family Courts Act, 1964 have also been debated. The difference between Khul’ and other modes of dissolution of marriage have also been elaborated briefly.
English Literacy Learned Through The Sign Language by The Hearing Impaired in Pakistan Every community around the globe is comprised of a considerable number of hearing impaired people. In order to make their life meaningful and productive, they have the right to acquire several skills as well as education. In the context of education whether for deaf or the other people of community, learning of the English language has become indispensible skill. The present study was aimed to carry out a research on teaching techniques and instructional approaches involved in the learning of English literacy skills by deaf in Pakistan. The outcome of the teaching practices was mirrored in the performance of students evaluated using various research instruments. Theoretical framework was emergent literacy theory: a most widely practiced in the West at present showing considerable improvement in English literacy skills of the hearing impaired. For the purpose of thisstudy four renowned institutes were chosen: Sir Syed Academy Rawalpindi, National Special Education Centre for Hearing Impaired Children, H- 9 Islamabad, Nasheman College for Handicapped, Wah Cantt, and DEWA Centre of Excellence (The Deaf Education and Welfare Association Trust) Islamabad. The level of the students was intermediate. The research tools included observation sheets, Reading and Writing test for students, and a questionnaire for the teachers and were based on the principles, instructional approach and teaching strategies of emergent literacy theory. The data collected through observation sheets and questionnaire there further validated having interactive session with the teachers and the students at four institutes. The data collected, results of students, and responses of teachers to questionnaire were analyzed in the light of emergent literacy theory that is the spring board of the present research. Syllabuses of the institutes were collected and attached too. The results and the data were presented in simple tabular form for easy reference. After taking the average percentages of teachers’ responses to questionnaire the data was shown in graphs. The time spent at each institute was 25 days. The major finding of the study after the analysis was that there was a marked difference in the teaching techniques, instructional approach and performance of students in the test at DEWA Centre and other three institutes. Students of DEWA Centre scored better than the other institutes giving credence to the emergent literacy theory. Therefore a detailed comparison was made at the end of chapter four to highlight the differences. Eventually it was found that DEWA Centre has partially applied the theory of emergent literacy. With reference to such findings recommendations were given in the last chapter finally.