Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Stop Harassing Me

Stop Harassing Me

Thesis Info

Author

Ahtisham Ul Hassan

Supervisor

Rashid Mukhtar

Department

Department of Computer Science

Program

BCS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720070330

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

مقاطعہ قریش

مقاطعہ قریش
رفتہ رفتہ مسلمانوں کی تعداد میں اضافہ ہوتا گیا چند نفوس قدسیہ حضرت عمر ؓ اور حضرت حمزہ ؓ جیسے جری ، نڈر، صائب الرائے اور پختہ عزم و عقیدہ کے مالک تھے ۔ یہ نامور اور شہرت یافتہ لوگ تھے یہ بنیادی حیثیت رکھتے تھے ۔ ہمالیہ پہاڑ کااپنی جگہ سے ٹل جانا ممکن تھا لیکن ان کا اپنے موقف سے ہٹ جانا نا ممکن تھا ۔ صحابہ کرام کو جس قدر تشدد کا نشانہ بنایا کفار کو منہ کی کھانا پڑی اور جتنی شدت سے نا روا ظلم اور بہیمانہ سلوک روا رکھا گیا وہ اسی قدر نا کام اور نا مراد ہوئے ۔ کفار کے عزیز و اقارب ایک ایک کر کے اسلام قبول کر رہے تھے ۔ کلمہ حق کی صدا بلند کرنے اور اسلام کو سینے سے لگانے میں جو کچھ مسلمانوں پر بیتی اس کے تصور سے انسان لرزہ بر اندام ہو جاتا ہے ۔صحابہ کرام کے بجز حضور ﷺ بھی قریش کی ایذاء رسانیوں سے محفوظ نہ تھے کفار کے تیار شدہ (ready made ) اور آموختہ بچے آپ ﷺ پر پتھر برساتے اور گالیاں بکتے ، کبھی مجنون و ساحر اور کبھی کاہن و شاعر کہہ کر تمسخر اڑاتے ، آپ ﷺ پر کوڑا کرکٹ پھینکا جاتا ، اونٹ کی اوجھڑی آپ ﷺ کی پشت پر حالت نماز میں ڈال دیتے بعض دشمن راہ میں کانٹے بیچھاتے حتی کہ طائف میں انسانیت سوز ظلم کیا آوارہ لڑکوں کو پیچھے لگایا وہ آوازیں کستے ، پتھر پھینکتے جس سے آپ ﷺ لہو لہان ہو گئے اور خون سے جوتے بھر گئے۔ کسی نے چادر گلے میں ڈال کر بل کس دئیے کہ آنکھیں باہر نکل آئیں ۔اسلام سے بر گشتہ کرنے کے لیے دنیا بھر کے جتن کیے ۔ جب ہر حربہ اور ظلم و ستم میں بجھا...

Novel Bioactive Compound Production by Microbial Biota: Potential Antimicrobials Potential antimicrobials produced by microbial biota

Man is always trying to make his life easier and accomplished. He has faced mass destruction in history due to epidemics like small pox, malaria and plague. In order to combat diseases, exploration of man led him to search for causative agents and their control. A time reached when it was found that microbes are themselves a source of potent metabolites which have proved to be effective as drugs and medicines showing great antibiotic activity. It is necessary to find out new sources for potential new antimicrobial compounds. Several hundred important compounds have been isolated which have antibiotic activities and diverse chemical nature. But these compounds should have minimum toxicity to be useful clinically. Because of the increasing resistance of pathogens, there was a never ending desire and need to search for more. Bioactive Compounds have been extracted from microbes which are produced as secondary metabolites. Day by day, new compounds are being discovered giving a hope of golden future of drug industry. The current article emphasizes the importance and need to search for new bioactive compoundsto overcome infections caused by multiple drug resistant (MDR) and biofilm forming pathogens irrespective of the previously present knowledge. 

Environmental Geochemistry of Attock and Haripur Basins, Pakistan

The purpose of this work was to investigate the environmental geochemistry of Attock and Haripur basins of Pakistan; using water, soil and plants as indicators. The study included determination of seven physiochemical parameters (pH, TDS, EC, NO3-, SO42-, Cl- and HCO3-) along with the monitoring of 15 major and trace elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, As and Hg) concentrations and these were analyzed through atomic-absorption spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data presentation and interpretation were done by employing a range of statistical tools like Piper diagram, chronic daily intake, hazard quotient and also by applying multivariate analysis (Principal component analysis, Correlation, Cluster analysis). The GIS based spatial distribution of samples and parameters were analyzed using ArcGIS 9.3. The physico-chemical parameters of water were compared with those of WHO (2008) and USEPA standards. Piper diagram showed that 80% and 90% water samples of Attock and Haripur basins respectively fell in the field of Ca-Mg type on the basis of cations and HCO3- type on anion basis. Chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were also calculated. HQ was <1 for all the heavy metals (HMs) suggesting no risk to health. Application of different multivariate techniques for the interpretation of the metal data obtained during the monitoring program revealed that geogenic and anthropogenic activities were major sources of water contamination in the study area. Fourteen elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn and As) were analyzed in soil samples and were compared with that of the normal agricultural soils. Most of the metals showed random distribution with diverse correlations in both basins. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed significant anthropogenic intrusions of HMs in the soils. Geoaccumulation indices values of As, Na, Ca, Pb and Cd indicated moderate to heavy contamination. Rest of the elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn) revealed practically no contamination in the studied soils. The spatial distribution of HMs of soil showed high concentration near the industrial areas while major cations concentrations were high near the agricultural areas. Vegetables, cereal and their respective soil samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cr and Zn by ICP-MS. All toxic element concentrations in the edible parts of leafy vegetables were higher than non leafy vegetables and, also, higher than the FAO/WHO recommended limits. The risk assessment of HMs through consumption of vegetables suggested that Health risk index (HRI) values for adults and children were higher than the safe limit (>1) with exception of Cr (<1); therefore, the health risks of all elements through the consumption of vegetables were of great concern in the study area. Nine HMs (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe) were analyzed in medicinal plants. Their HMs concentrations were high according to the international safety standards for the consumption of human beings. High level of HMs in the medicinal plants could be due to the industrial and agricultural activities in the study area. It is concluded that water and soil quality of the Attock and Haripur basins are facing severe degradation due to unwise industrial activities in the study area. This study will, therefore, provide basis for the future management of other polluted streams and soils of the regions. The quality of ground and irrigation water can be improved by implementing national quality standards and installing proper treatment plants in the industries. Key words: Haripur Basin, Attock Basin, Groundwater, Soil, Vegetable, Medicinal plant