کھوکھلی محبت
میں تیری محبت کی عفت کو کیسے مان لوں
جو کئی قسم کی محبتوں کا مرکب ہے
دغا کی عفونت
لالچ کی رنگینیاں
جھوٹ کی نمائش
فریفتگی کے جھانسے
وعدوں کا فریب
اس عارضی رنگین مرکب کو کیا سمجھوں
چند روزہ سکوں۔۔؟
یا غلاظت کے ڈھیر پہ پڑا ہوا گلاب
Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).
The Indian military’s modernization drive is a credible threat to the deterrence stability of South Asia. Both states are sharing the most dangerous porous border in the world because of many unresolved issues which may trigger a limited or total war in the region. The possibility of nuclear exchange could not be ruled out because of the uncertain nature of the relationship between both states.This study aims to focus on three main areas: first to analyze Indian threat perceptions, internal and external security vulnerabilities and possible factors to drive military’s modernization plans, its strength, and capabilities. Secondly, to highlight the implications of force multipliers inducted in the Indian military for Pakistan’s security and deterrence stability in South Asia. The last part would discuss possible counter-measures for Pakistan to overcome this imminent threat.The Indian defense budget for the fiscal year 2016-17 have crossed the US$ 52.2 billion mark, and it is expected to increase in the near future to keep up the pace of modernization and overcome the operational gaps in its overall military machine. It has allocated huge funds for the development of its Army, Air Force, Navy, Network Centric Warfare and Electronic Warfare capabilities. The induction of Spy satellite Risaat-II and UAVs from Israel would keep 24/7 check on the strategic sites, LoC and deployment of Pakistani troops close to the border.India has inked deals with the European firms to induct the latest Aircraft for air superiority. Indian naval capabilities may undermine Pakistan’s long-term maritime interests in the Indian Ocean. The Indian military modernization reveals that it is on course to achieve regional hegemony and to operationalize its aggressive doctrines against Pakistan. Pakistan cannot afford conventional arms race with India, which compels Pakistan to increase its reliance on tactical nukes and improve the quality and quantity of its nuclear weapons to achieve credible deterrence against aggressive maneuvers of India in south Asia.