چاک دامان لیے، چاک گریبان لیے
محفلِ قیس میں پہنچے ہیں یہ سامان لیے
آئے تھے دنیا میں ارمانوں کو پورا کرنے
جائیں گے یاں سے مگر لاکھوں ہی ارمان لیے
لوگ کہتے ہیں جو دیوانہ ہمیں، کہنے دو!
ہم بھی نازاں ہیں کہ زندہ ہیں یہ پہچان لیے
جب کسی سے بھی مرے درد کا درماں نہ ہوا
آ گئی موت مرے درد کا درمان لیے
موسمِ گل ہو خزاں ہو، کہ بہاریں تائبؔ
اپنی تو ذات میں ہم پھرتے ہیں زندان لیے
As well as per Shariah, it is admissible and some of the time even mandatory to save the devotees from the activities that might lead them towards the prohibited exercises. Consequently, the decision of denial from these kinds of exercises is called Sadd-e-Zaree'a. This is the guideline derived from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah prohibited the devotees to say 'Raina' because this word was utilized by Jews purposely in an off-base way with underhanded aims, while, Muslims introduced their solicitations by this equivalent word in the most elevated court of The Holy Prophet (harmony and gifts arrive) for looking for effortlessness and unwinding in their concerned issues. As in Quran: O People who Believe, don't tell (the Prophet Mohammed-harmony and gifts arrive), "Raina (Be accommodating towards us)" however say, "Unzurna (Look leniently upon us)", and listen mindfully in any case. [Baqarah 2:104]. (To disregard the Holy Prophet - harmony and endowments arrive - is impiety.) Ibn Hazm in his famous book Al-Aḥkām Fī ūṣūl Al-Aḥkām has objected to the mentioned verse from which jurists have taken the argument of Sadd-e-Zaree'a. Because the Zahiri school of thought is based on the appearance of the text (Quran o Hadees). This is why Ibn Hazm Zahiri denies it (the source of Shariah), and proves that accepting the source of Shariah is an increase in religion which is in itself illegitimate as well as the opposition of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). There is also the addition of items by their thoughts in Shariah. In the above article, an analytical study of the objections of Allama Ibn Hazm will be presented, explaining the sources and the arguments as to whether or not their source is Shariah.
Every software development process either generates or uses measurement data that is essential to understand, evaluate, improve and predict the software processes, products, and resources. Software development organizations implement measurement programs (MPs) as part of their measurement processes. However, implementing successful MPs still remains a challenge. The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively evaluate and then contribute towards planning and implementation issues of MPs. This research is conducted in three phases: 1) problem identification 2) solution design and 3) industrial evaluation of solutions. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods is used appropriately for each phase. In the first phase, comprehensive literature reviews of the studies on MPs are conducted to enable a better understanding of the existing measurement planning models, tools, challenges, success factors, and metrics selection methods of implementing MPs in general and specifically for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In addition, challenges of implementing MPs in large organizations and SMEs are analyzed. In the second phase, multiple solutions are proposed to improve the planning of MPs. The solutions are based on the analysis of research gaps involving the challenges and success factors of implementing MPs. First, a set of key components of MPs is identified for planning a MP. Second, a model of success factors for planning MPs in general is proposed. Third, a model of success factors for planning MPs specifically in SMEs is proposed. Fourth, a model called data-driven measurement for software prediction (D2MSP) is proposed to overcome the challenge of using already collected measurement data for prediction of software attributes e.g., defects. In the third phase, the solutions are evaluated in the software development industry with the help of surveys and empirical data of software projects. A set of key components and a model of success factors are evaluated based on a survey among 200 software professionals working in the Pakistani software development industry. A model of success for planning MPs specifically in SMEs is evaluated based on a survey among 217 software professionals working in SMEs of Pakistan. The D2MSP model is evaluated using a dataset of 760 projects and later applied in a software development organization as a case study. Overall, this research contributes to the theory and practice of software measurement by providing an improved understanding of planning software MPs and proposing and validating models of success factors and the D2MSP model for planning MPs.