پروفیسر محمد یونس نگرامی ندوی
یہ خبر سن کر بڑا صدمہ ہوا کہ ۴؍ مارچ کو پروفیسر محمد یونس نگرامی کا انتقال ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ ادھر مہینوں سے ملاقات نہیں ہوئی تھی، لکھنؤ آنے جانے والوں سے ان کی علالت کی خبر ملتی تھی مگر یہ خیال نہیں تھا کہ وہ اتنی جلد رختِ سفر باندھ لیں گے۔
ان کی پیدائش لکھنؤ ضلع کے مردم خیز قصبہ نگرام میں ۱۹۴۱ء میں ہوئی تھی، ان کا خاندان علمی و دینی حیثیت سے ممتاز تھا، درس و تدریس، تالیف و تصنیف اور وعظ و ارشاد اس کا طرہ امتیاز تھا۔ ان کے والد مولانا محمد اویس نگرامی ندوی دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں شیخ التفسیر تھے۔ وہ دارالمصنفین کے رفیق اور مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے محبوب تلامذہ میں تھے، ان کی صحبت میں مولانا کے تفسیر و قرآنیات کے ذوق کو بڑی جلا ملی، بعد میں وہ دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامی کے رکن بھی ہوئے۔
پروفیسر محمد یونس نگرامی نے اپنے والد ماجد کے زیر سایہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں تعلیم پائی۔ پھر جامعہ اسلامیہ مدینہ منورہ گئے، لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی سے پی۔ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری لی، پہلے یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ عربی میں لکچرر اور اب کئی برس سے پروفیسر ہوگئے تھے۔
ان کا تحقیقی مقالہ ’’ہندوستان میں عربی زبان و ادب‘‘ کے موضوع پر تھا، ان کی دوسری کتب و رسائل کے نام یہ ہیں۔ تھوڑی دیر اہل حق کے ساتھ، خیالات، مثالی خواتین، نماز کیسے پڑھیں، تذکرہ مولانا محمد اویس نگرامی، تقدس حج، خلیجی جنگ وغیرہ۔
ندوہ اور جامعہ اسلامیہ مدینہ منورہ میں تعلیم پانے کی وجہ سے عربی لکھنے کی ان کو اچھی مشق ہوگئی تھی، ندوۃ العلماء کے جریدہ الرائد میں ’’نافذۃ علی الھند‘‘ و (ہندوستان کے دریچے سے) کا مستقل کالم ان ہی کے قلم سے ہوتا تھا، البعث الاسلامی میں بھی ان...
Today’s world is a global village. Societies affect each other far deeper and faster than ever. New problems are sprouting with every coming day. We feel that the cultural issues are the most significant ones in this context. The question is how we should deal with these problems. To us, the solution lies in the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention), one of the instruments of Sharī‘ah (Islamic Law). Such is its importance as all the four schools of thought are of the same opinion about its scope. A cultural change if drives Muslims away from the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will have to be stopped or altered to suit the objectives, but if it leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will be accepted. New problems are multifarious. We need to bring ijtihād into practice and solve such problems. This research article discusses the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention.), its meaning, definition, and scope. It also discusses different opinions of scholars. The author of this paper, then, deliberates its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world.
Schizophrenia is related with physiological condition. It effects brain sections including
the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia as well as limbic system. There are certain
neurotransmitters present in the brain such as dopamine. When level of dopamine is
disturbed it causes schizophrenia. Environmental factors like stress, depression and
anxiety also contribute to schizophrenia. Several drugs including first and second
generation are available to provide treatment against schizophrenia. Second generation
drugs have better results and less side effects than first generation. Clozapine is second
generation drug which was recommended as best drug for schizophrenia. It rebalances
dopamine and helps to treat the patients of schizophrenia as well as diminishing of
suicidal thoughts. Therapies and counselling also help to overcome this disorder.
Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase catalyzes the synthesis of norepinephrine. Dopamine beta
hydroxylase activity was suggested as a biological marker for schizophrenia alongside
other psychiatric disorders. Here our goal is to design best inhibitor against schizophrenia
with low cost and less side effects because the recommended drugs for schizophrenia are
expensive and have many side effects.
For this study, different databases were used. Structure and potential lead molecules
were identified by the help of structure as well as ligand based virtual screening.
AutoDock is used for virtual screening based on target. For ligand based virtual screening
ZINC 15 database was used. Compounds were selected and further screened by using
PyRx software. The ligands with less binding affinity were selected for analysis.
Structure and interactions are viewed in DS visualizer tool and protein ligand explorer.
Virtual screening is used for computational screening of huge library of chemicals for
the compounds which supplement targets of known structure by testing them
experimentally. Ligands were screened by using PyRx server and ZINC 15 server. Auto
dock is used to dock ligands against drugs and display results. On the bases of binding
energy and affinities ligands were Chosen. Top 10 potent inhibitors displayed high
docking scores as well binding affinity and energy. Drugs can be further analyzed by use
of vitro and in vivo analysis