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Home > Analysis of Ak Frequency Offset Distribution and its Impacts on Efficiency of Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Techniques

Analysis of Ak Frequency Offset Distribution and its Impacts on Efficiency of Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Techniques

Thesis Info

Author

Kashif Iqbal

Supervisor

Junaid Ahmed

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

REE

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676720138533

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۱۸۔ ریزۂ ریگ

ریزۂ ریگ

میں ریگ ِ رواں کا اک مضطرب ذرا

دشت کی پہنائی میں بھٹکتا ہوا

آندھیوں کی غلامی میں اڑتا ہو

جس کا وجود دوسرے ریگ ریزوںکے سوا کچھ نہیں

جس کی اندھی قسمت میںدشت کی اذیتوں کے سوا کچھ نہیں

اپنے وجود سے روز جدا ہوتا ہوا

اپنے خشک آنسو نگلتا ہوا

کبھی ریت کے بھاری ٹیلوں میں دب گیا

کبھی سطحِ ریگ پر حدت سے جل گیا

علم و تربیت كا باہمی ربط و تعلق

Education and practical orientation are both significantly interlinked. Education without practical training stands mere theory having no connection with life. Practical orientation without education carries no meaning. Islamic system of life seeks to espouse both education and training. The Prophet (s. a. w.) educated his people theoretically as well as trained them practically. What ever he did in this regard constitute Islamic principles for human life. Curricula of educational institutions need to be developed with a view to making students knowledgeable on the one hand and upholders ofIslamic virtues in their practical life on the other. The present paper is aimed at highlighting the co-relationship between the education and practical orientation, proving beyond doubt that isolation of one from the other is too damaging to imagine

H- Magic Behaviors of Some Graphs

A graph ( , ) G V E has an H -covering if every edge in Ebelongs to a subgraph of G isomorphic to H . SupposeG admits an H -covering. AnH -magic labeling is a mapping l from ( ) ( ) E G V G È onto the integers {1,2,...,| ( ) ( )|} E G V G È with the property that, for every subgraph Aof G isomorphic toH , there is a positive integer csuch that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . v V A e E A A v e c ll ÎÎ = å + å =å A graph which possess such type of labeling is known as H -magic graph. Further if in a graph vertices are labeled first with smallest positive numbers, then the graph is called H -supermagic. Moreover a graph is said to be H -( , ) ad-anti magic if the magic constant for an arithmetic progression with initial value aand a common difference . d Numerous results on labeling of many families of graphs have been published. In this thesis, research work focuses on to formulate cycle 3 C -( , ) ad anti-supermagic labeling for the MultiWheels graph, supermagic labeling for isomorphic copies with its disjoint union of Multi-Wheels graph and cycle ( , ) ad-anti-supermagic labeling for Web graph. Also cycle anti-supermagic labeling for isomorphic copies with its disjoint union of ladder and triangular ladder graphs have been formulated. In addition, investigation of fan, friendship, ladder and wheel line graphs and study of the supermagic and anti-supermagic vertex-edge-face labeling of such graphs and their isomorphic copies have been carried in this thesis. An anti-supermagic labeling of the extension of cycle graphs is also formulated.Lastly the face supermagic labeling of (1,1,1) type of subdivided triangular ladder graph, subdivided 4 mC -snake graph and subdivided 4 kmC -triangular snake graph with its (1,1,...,1) and (2,2,...,2) string are also the part of this thesis.