المبحث الثالث:هل الشعر الحر نوعٌ من النثر؟
وھناک بعض الأدباء والشعراء اعتبروا الشعر الحر نوعاً من النثر وقالوا بأن معانیہ تافھۃ لا معنی لھا، والبعض قالوا بأن جذورھا وُجدَت في الموشحات الأندلسیۃ، وأن البند کان معروفاً ولکن أسلوبہ کان مجھولاً، ولم ینظمہ إلا شعراء العراق، ولکن نازک الملائکۃ استنکرت ھذا الشيء، وقالت أنھا لم تسمع بالبند قبل سنۃ 1953م۔ وقالت نازک الملائکۃ في موضع آخر عن الشعر الحر: "ولعل أبرز الأدلۃ علی أن الحرکۃ کانت ولیدۃ عصرنا ھذا، وأن أغلبیۃ قرائنا ما زالوا یستنکرونھا ویرفضونھا، وبینھم کثرۃ لا یستھان بھا تظن أن الشعر الحر لا یملک من الشعر إلا الإسم فھو نثر عادي لا وزن له" .
هل کانت حركة الشعر الحر قوية أ م لا ؟
ھذہ الحرکۃ الجدیدۃ(حرکۃ الشعر الحر) کانت قویۃ راسخۃ ثابتۃ متحمسۃ ولکن في بدایۃ الأمر کأي حرکۃ جدیدۃ زلّت وتخبطت ولکن بعد فترۃ من الزمن استکملت أسباب نضجھا فأصبحت حرکۃ مشھورۃ مستسلمۃ. وأخذت ھذہ الدعوۃ الشعریۃ الجدیدۃ تنتشر حتی کونت لنفسھا مکانۃ قویۃ، وبدأ بعض الشعراء الأفاضل یھجرون أسلوب الشطرین ویستعملون أسلوب الشطر.
أما نازک الملائکۃ فقد کانت ذکیۃ جداً، فبذکاءھا استطاعت أن تأخذ الریادۃ والمیزۃ المنفردۃ من بین الشعراء الأفاضل۔ فقد کانت واعیۃ وذات طموحات عالیۃ، قدمت نازک الملائکۃ الأدلۃ والبراھین حتی جعلت الشعراء والأدباء والنقاد والقراء أن یستسلموا لھذا الأمر۔
Islam has given a complete code of life to run the system of this universe, which started with the arrival of Hazrat Adam (A.S) in this world and was completed with the Prophet (P.B.U.H). It is a comprehensive and system in which the individual and the rights and duties of both congregations are based on the concept of justice and fairness. Under this system of Islam, the supreme command on earth is only Allah’s persons, the position of man is that of vicegerent and caliph, mans responsibility is to carry out all the affairs of life according to the will of Allah. The earth and its resources will created for the benefits of all mankind. All human beings have the right to use them according to their needs, but no individual has the right to seize or hoard these resources to the detriment of others. Just as every person has rights, such as protection of life and property, honor and reputation, so it is also his duty to provide comfort and relief to no other people and not to cause any harm to anyone.
Leukemia, a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality despite decades of research and development. Chromosomal aberrations are the main cause of leukemia and lead to the generation of fusion/chimeric genes, resulting in activation of proto-oncogenes and suppression of tumor-suppressor genes. Incidence of different aberrations associated with different leukemias varies in different regions of the world and the data from population based studies in South Asia, including Pakistan, are lacking. The expression of chimeric/fusion genes can be detected using sensitive molecular methods like reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and dot blot hybridization. In this study, classic BCR-ABL t(9;22) variants (e13a2 and e14a2) were detected in 96% of CML patients, while one of the patient possessed a unique e13-1a BCR-ABL variant. A total of 68 patients of paediatric ALL, were screened by RT-PCR to determine the relative frequency of t(9;22), t(12;21), t(1;19), and t(4;11,). Translocation (9;22) was seen in 2/68 (3%) and t(1;19) in 2/68 (3) children. Seven children showed t(12;21) while 8 showed t(4;11) translocations. In AML patients, t(8;21) was found in 4/21 patients while t(1;19) was seen in only one of the patient out of 21 screened. Thus, there appears to be a significant under representation of the fusion transcripts for TEL-AML, a good prognostic marker, in this study, unlike in the West, where it is seen in 35% of children with ALL. This, together with the generally increased leukemic burden seen in Pakistani patients, may explain in part, the poor treatment outcome reported. Conventional therapeutic approaches for leukemias include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, interferon therapy, stem-cell transplantation and surgery but their application is limited due to their side effects. The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has opened the door to previously unrefined methods of therapeutic interventions. Gene targeting of the chimeric genes by small interfering RNA is an ideal way to kill tumor cells specifically, while leaving the normal cells unaffected. In case of CML, the over- expressed protein, tyrosine kinase, from BCR-ABL fusion genes, trigger malignant transformation and abnormal proliferation of the cells. Although targeting the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity by imatinib mesylate has rapidly become first-line therapy, drug resistance suggests that combination therapy directed to a complementing target may significantly improve treatment results. To identify such potential targets, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool for functional genomics in human leukemic as well as murine hematopoietic cell lines. Expression of STAT1 and STAT3 proteins was successfully knocked down using specific shRNAs targeting STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA. RNAi-mediated reduction of STAT1 and STAT3 protein expression inhibited BCR-ABL–dependent (K562) but not cytokine-dependent (32D) cell proliferation. The data indicate that BCR-ABL expression may affect the function of normal signaling molecules. Targeting these molecules may harbor significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of patients with CML.