پاکستان میری جنت
جنت کے معنی باغ بھی ہیں ، بہشت کے لیے بھی جنت کا لفظ بولا جاتا ہے۔ جنت کا تصور جب ذہن کے در یچوں پر دستک دیتا ہے تو قلب و اذہان میں اس صحت افزا تخیل کے باعث نئے نئے شگوفے کھلنے شروع ہو جاتے ہیں۔ اور اس وقت جسم و جان میں پیدا ہونے والی تازگی و طراوت روح تک سرایت کر جاتی ہے۔ جس کو جس سے جتنا عشق ہوگا وہ اس کو اپنی جنت اور اپنی بہشت قرار دے گا۔ کسی کی جنت اس کا گھر ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا در ہوگا،کسی کی جنت اولا د ہو گی ،کسی کی جنت امّ اولا د ہوگی، کسی کی جنت اس کا مکان ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا سلطان ہوگا۔ سب کی جنت ان کے اپنے اپنے ذوق کے مطابق ہے لیکن میری جنت میرا پاکستان ہے کیونکہ یہ ہے تو سب جنتیں ہیں۔ اگر یہ نہیں ہے تو پھر جنت بھی جہنم کا عذاب ہے کیونکہ اسی کے دم قدم سے حقیقی جنت کی بہاریں ہیں۔
ہمت ہے تو پیدا کر فردوس بریں اپنا
مانگی ہوئی جنت سے دوزخ کا عذاب اچھا
وطن اس مقدس سرزمین کا نام ہے جس کی آغوش میں انسان جنم لیتا ہے جس کی ہوائیں اسے پروان چڑھاتی ہیں جس کی فضاؤں میں اس کی نشوونما ہوتی ہے جس کی مٹی سے اس کا خمیر اٹھتا ہے۔ اور اسی کے ذرّے ذرّے سے انسان کی عقیدت وابستہ ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی فضاؤں میں محبت کی خنکی ہوتی ہے، اس کے کھیتوں میں آنکھوں کا نور ہوتا ہے، اس کے گلستانوں میں چاہت کی چاشنی ہوتی ہے، اس کے ویرانوں میں یگانگت کی اپنائیت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی ہر چیز جنت کا نمونہ پیش کرتی ہے۔
پاکستان کے در و دیوار...
The present study was conducted to probe the role of religion in mate selection among educated females of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from 278 working women from three public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. The University of Agriculture, University of Peshawar and Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. Simple random method was applied to pick the samples from the study area whereas chi-square statistics was applied to get the major findings. Results reveal a contradictory type of situation as on the one hand, religion particularly the rituals were strictly followed during marriage but on the other hand, the mate selection rights of women were ignored mainly. This is practiced despite of the fact that Islam has given right/liberty in mate selection to both men and women. Female respondents attributed it to lack of Islamic knowledge on part of family members or they do it to get more say and power through following common values and culture. Religious leaders do not lay much stress on the rights given by Islam to females in mate selection in their religious sermons. The issue according to respondents was not discussed either. Females on their part, though found interested in mates from their own sect or religious groups preferred liberal males over conservative ones because believing them to be stern and inflexible. The study recommends that an awareness campaign through mass media which may include religious leaders, civil society and political parties needs to be launched in order to raise awareness among both the educated and uneducated females along with their parents regarding mate selection, the nature and impact of religious misinterpretations, and current wave of western values, materialistic outlook and idealism that affects the selected females perception about mate selection.
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea in children <5 years in many countries. The objectives of this pre-vaccination era study were to explore the prevalence and the genetic diversity of RVA strains in <5 years children, hospitalized due to gastroenteritis during 2014 – 2016. Two tertiary care hospitals Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH) located in Rawalpindi and Kharadar General Hospital (KGH) in Karachi were the study sites. A total of 1227 children were tested through ELISA for the presence of RVA and 28.5% (n=350) were found positive. From the 956 children enrolled in BBH (n=502 in 2014 and n=454 in 2015), 29.1% (n=279) were RVA positive. Among the 271 children enrolled in KGH during 2016, 26% (n=71) were found to be infected with RVA. A majority (78%; n=272) of RVA gastroenteritis cases were found in children <1 year of age and the virus was detected throughout the study period. Genotyping of ELISA positive samples through RT-PCR showed G12P[6] (21%) as the most dominant genotype followed by G3P[8] (16%), G2P[4] (12%), G1P[8] (9%), G9P[6] (8%) and G3P[6] (6%). A high proportion (10%) of mixed infection was also observed. Phylogenetic analysis clustered Pakistani G1 strains into two lineages, G1 lineage 1 & 2 along with strains from Russia, Australia, Thailand, India, Bhutan, Belgium Turkey, and the USA. The G2 strains clustered into G2 lineage IV, sub lineage IVa-3 along with strains reported worldwide. Pakistani G2 strains showed the D96N and S242N substitutions which are characteristic of sub-lineage IVa-3 and have been linked to the reemergence of these strains in many countries. Pakistan G3 viruses clustered into G3 lineage 3, sub-lineage 3d and were closely related to strains from China, Russia, Japan, and the USA. High amino acid similarities existed among indigenous G3 and the new variant G3 viruses that were first reported from Japan in 2003-2004. We hereby report the first finding of these variant G3 viruses from our country. The G9 strains grouped into two lineages G9 lineage 3 & 4 with the majority of strains belonging to lineage 3. Pakistani G12 strains belonged to the G12 lineage 3 together with G12 from different countries. The P[4], P[6] and P[8] Pakistani strains were linked to VP4 genotypes found globally. Comparative analysis of wild-type rotaviruses with RotarixTM and RotaTeqTM revealed several amino acid differences in the VP7 and VP8* antigenic epitopes. Notably, Pakistani G3 isolates contained a K238N amino acid change that generates an extra N linked glycosylation site which could have an effect on the antigenicity of these strains. This is the first report on the predominance of G12P[6] and the emergence of G3P[8] from Pakistan. Our findings provide important information pertinent to the genetic diversity of RVA strains circulating in the two cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi and Karachi) and emphasize the need for large-scale epidemiological studies across the country.