اسلام اور ہندومت میں تصور عبادت

Ll religions without any exceptions have one or the other concept of worship of God or gods. Islam explains why and how Allah alone should be worshipped and obeyed. Hinduism can hardly be defined as to its idea of worshipping gods and goddesses. Yet, keeping in view the widely-known aud expressed system of worship in Hinduism and the true concept of worship in Islam one may see between them some similarities but so many dissimilarities. This article is to identify and explain those similarities and dissimilarities between Islamic concept of worship and Hindu philosophy of worship

Element of Hopelessness and Meaninglessness in Absurdist Drama

Element of Hopelessness and Meaninglessness in Absurdist Drama Absurdism is a very deep philosophy which focuses on a totally distorted and nihilistic vision of life. This movement got momentum after the devastations of the Second World War when a heavy loss of precious lives threw Europe into the pits of utter dejection and disillusionment. The writers, poets and the philosophers of that era who were the representatives of their society gave vent to their pent up feelings and emotions and wrote extensively about the anguished state of their nation. This dejection which was the outcome of the turmoil created by the Second World War is specially focused on in this thesis. The aim of this research is to highlight the element of the absurd in man’s life which is inevitable. This absurdity in life gives birth to hopelessness and disillusionment. Dejection is a very natural feeling and it leaves a drastic effect on the lives of the human beings. A dejected person totally negates life and develops a negative attitude towards the world. The Absurdist playwrights have made this meaninglessness and despair the core issue of their work. This vision changed the whole scenario of life for them and we find an air of gloominess and dejection prevailing everything in their plays. Keeping in view the approach of these dramatists the researcher wants to probe deeper into the philosophy of life and prove whether the absurd situations in life which create despair and anguish be avoided by thinking rationally and facing life in a real perspective or whether a nihilistic approach like that of the Absurdists’ is the ultimate outcome. It is a very vast and complex issue and for such an issue quantitative approach cannot be followed so the researcher has adopted the qualitative approach. The research is text- based and different libraries have been consulted for collecting the material. The electronic media also helped in making it an authentic piece of writing. As this research is text-based so the researcher has tried her best to make it more descriptive in the light of the material available. Different Absurdist playwrights have been studied for conducting the research but the two eminent dramatists Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter have been specifically focused on for analyzing the theme of Hopelessness and Meaninglessness. They belong to ‘The Theatre of the Absurd’ and the streak of absurdity evident in their plays displays a total bleak picture of life. In this research work an attempt is being made to let the readers visualize life in a more realistic perspective. The researcher wants the readers to analyze that life has to be accepted with all its colors no matter how dull or bright they are. The research concludes with a very rational approach towards life that it is a precious gift from God and we can make it worth living by a possible return to religion and by having a firm faith.