مولانا محمد زکریا محدث سہارنپوری
یکم شعبان ۱۴۰۲ھ کو حضرت مولانا محمد زکریا محدث سہارنپوری کا وصال ستاسی سال کی عمر میں مدینہ منورہ میں ہوگیا، جہاں شیدائیوں اور فدائیوں کے بے پناہ ہجوم نے ان کے جنازہ کی نماز پڑھی اور اسی مقدس سرزمین میں سپردخاک کئے گئے، جس کی آرزو زندگی بھر فرماتے رہے۔
وہ چودہویں صدی ہجری میں علمائے سلف کی ایک بے مثال یادگار تھے، ان کی تدفین کے ساتھ اسلام کے اس دور کی ایک بے قرار عبقریت کی نظر حکیمانہ، اسرار محرمانہ، جذب عارفانہ اور پھر دینی علوم کی پشتینبانی، عالی استعداد کی جلوہ سامانی، تحریر کی صاعقہ پاشی اور قلم کی برق دستی بھی تہ خاک ہوگئی، اب جب وہ آغوش رحمت الٰہی میں ہیں، ان کو ان کے معتقدین، ملک العلماء، سلطان الفضلاء، منہاج المتقین، مہبط الانوار اور شمس الفقراء کی حیثیت سے یاد کرکے ان کی دائمی جدائی پر آنسو بہائیں گے، ان کے جلوہ صدرنگ پر آئندہ بہت کچھ لکھا جائے گا، وہ دینی اور روحانی علوم کے دریا میں کبھی مثل موج ابھر کر کبھی اس کے ساحل سے گزر کر کبھی اس کے سینے میں اتر کر ان کے رازکو جس طرح فاش تر کرتے رہے، اس پر معلوم نہیں کیا کچھ قلم بند ہوتا رہے گا، انھوں نے خدا جانے کتنے اوراق پر اسرار الٰہی کے حقائق اور انوار الٰہی کے دقائق کو آشکار کیا، ان کی ان گنت تصانیف کی روحانی، مذہبی، نظری، فکری، اخلاقی اور دعوتی تعلیمات سے برابر عبرت و بصیرت کے درس حاصل ہوتے رہیں گے۔
تعلیم مظاہر العلوم سہارنپور میں پائی اور وہیں ایک عرصہ تک درس و تدریس کا سلسلہ جاری رکھا، اپنے والد بزرگوار سے مجتہدانہ دماغ پایا تھا، اسی لئے طالب علمی ہی کے زمانے سے قرآن مجید حدیث مقدس اور فقہ کا مجتہدانہ مطالعہ...
Hadith is one of the major sources of shariah and Islamic Law. The field of Hadith has been researched since the middle of Umayyad dynasty and many have contributed a lot. However, unlike the Qur’an which has been intensively researched due to the serious observation from the Orientalists, the field of Hadith still needs many decades to clarify the myths and arrive at the reality. The Muslims in general and our society in particular is emotionally attached to Islam but lacks an indepth knowledge. The progress of new means of communication has increased the importance of serious study on the one hand and its proper preaching on the other hand through modern means of communication. Slackness in this regard can lead to serious misconception about Islamic sources of knowledge i.e. Quran’an and Hadith. There are many sayings attributed either to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) or Allah (Jalla Jalaluhu) but in actuality they are either sayings of a saint or proverb. Some is the case of the subject cited above which is believed to be a Hadith Qudsi, popular not only among the people of far flung rural areas but also those youth who have easy access to modern means of communication especially internet. The text of the attributed Hadith Qudsi is spread on the social media and many people quote it without any investigation. The present paper is an attempt to clarify the myths about a perceived Hadith; and a probe to analyze and evaluate the authenticity of the text in the light of the principles laid down by the scholars for the study of Hadith.
Responses of 50 varieties/lines of Gossypium hirsutum L. to three NaCl salinity levels i.e., control, 10 dS/m and 20 dS/m, were compared at seedling stage. The results revealed that increase in NaCl salinity, after 30 days growth, considerably affected the growth of roots and shoots, but the effect was more pronounced on roots. Based upon absolute and relative salt tolerance, using root length and shoot length data, three varieties/lines i.e., NIAB 78, B 557 and MNH 522 were found to be salt tolerant, and by contrast Qalandri, MNH 147 and BP52NC63 were found to be salt sensitive. The estimates of broadsense heritability of root length was high, suggested that improvement in salinity tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L. is possible exploiting the existing variation through selection and breeding. Leaves of six selected lines/varieties grown in control, 10 and 20 dS/m were stored separately for one week in micro-tubes in deep freezer. The concentration of Na + and K + ions in the sample were measured with the help of flame photometer. Uptake of K + in relation to Na + (K + /Na + ) was computed. The tolerant cultivars had lower concentration of Na + and more concentration of K + and thus K + /Na + ratio in the leaves was high than sensitive ones. Genetic diversity in species at molecular level provides an accurate estimate of phenotypic diversity. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique was used to measure the relationship between six selected parents. It was revealed that three varieties NIAB78, MNH522 and B557 clustered in one group (A), and the other three namely Qalandri, MNH147 and BP52NC63 formed the second group (B). For the development of plant material for genetic studies, six parents were crossed according to diallel crossing system to get F 1 seeds. The genetic basis of variation found in responses of accessions/lines to 17.5 dS/m, 20 dS/m and control, 30 F 1 hybrids and six parents were allowed to grow upto maturity. The data on plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning percentage, yield of seed cotton per plant, total biomass per plant, staple length, fibre strength, fibre finess, Na + contents, K + contents, K + /Na + ratio and proline accumulation were collected. From the data it is shown that all the characters were found to be controlled by additive properties of the genes at low salinity (17.5 dS/m), whilst boll weight and proline accumulation appeared to be affected by non-additive genes under 20 dS/m salinity. Plant height, number of bolls, boll weight, yield of seed cotton, total biomass, Na + , Na + / K + and proline accumulation was revealed to be effected by the additive genes. Although cumulative genes effects appeared to be important in controlling variation in salinity tolerance, dominance acted towards greater NaCl tolerance. This data suggests that possibility of breeding Gossypium hirsutum L. does exist in the material.