ڈاکٹرشہزاد احمد بطور محقق و نقاد
(الف)اُردو نعت پاکستان میں: ایک جائزہ
شعبۂ نعت کا ہر گوشہ رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم سے محبت اور عقیدت کے اظہار کا ذریعہ ہے۔ ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد نے نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم سے محبت کے اظہار کے لیے اپنے تحقیقی مقالے (نعتیہ شاعری کا تحقیقی جائزہ پاکستان کے خصوصی حوالے سے )یعنی ’’اُردو نعت پاکستان میں‘‘ کو وسیلہ بنایا ہے۔ یہ موصوف کا پی ایچ ڈی کا مقالہ ہے جس پر جامعہ کراچی نے ڈاکٹر یٹ کی سند سے نوازا ہے۔ یہ مقالہ موضوعات کی اہمیت اور معلومات کے استناد کی بدولت اُردو نعت شناسی کا ایک اہم سنگ میل ہے۔ کوئی محقق اس مقالے سے صرف نظر کرکے نعت کی حالیہ روایت سے کماحقہ آشنا نہیں ہو سکتا۔ اس مقالے کی تکمیل ۲۰۱۲ء میں ہوئی۔ حافظ عبدالغفار حافظ نے اس کی جو تاریخ نکالی ہے، وہ ملاحظہ ہو:
کیجیے حافظ رقم تاریخ اجرائے سند
روشنی طبع ’’اُردو نعت پاکستان میں‘‘
۲۰۱۲ء
-iنعت گوئی کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
پہلا باب ’’نعت گوئی کا تحقیقی وتجزیاتی مطالعہ‘‘ نعت کی روایت پر مبنی ہے۔ اس میں عربی اورفارسی نعت کے ارتقا کے ساتھ اُردو نعت کے شعرا کا بھی بھرپور ذکرکیا ہے۔اس کے علاوہ اس باب کے مباحث میں ’’شاعری اور قرآن کریم ، خالق کائنات سب سے پہلا وصاف رسول صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم، اولین نعت میں محققین کی ترجیحات ، اولیات نعت، مدینے کی بچیوں کا خیرمقدمی گیت، حضرت صفیہ بنت عبدالمطلب ، حضرت عاتکہ بنت عبدالمطلب ، حضرت خنسا ، شعرالجنی یا شعرا لمجہول، مبشرات کی اہمیت ،نعت کی افادیت، نعت کا مجموعۂ اوّل ام الکتاب قرآن مجید، قرآن پاک میں نعت، احادیث نبوی میں نعت، نعت کے لغوی واصطلاحی معانی، عہد نبوی میں نعت اورخلفائے راشدین کے...
His research paper is meant to explain the difficulties of translation of rhetorical and implicit meanings of Qur᾽ān into Urdu language as the translation of such meanings of Qur᾽ān is seriously a difficult job for reasons including the tacit relationship of meanings with the words’ structure and because these meanings take effect of social and mental characteristics of a particular group of people speaking a common language and also for the reason that the meanings change their position with the incessantly changing condition of mind and culture. Given the above facts the writer put forth analysis of four Urdu translations of Sūrah Al-Ḍuḥā after having studied their rhetorical aspects and implicit meanings in interpretations of different interpreters. The translations are as under. 1. Translation of Shaykh Abdul Qādir (d. 1233 A. H) named as “Maudihul Qur᾽ān”. 2. Translation of Aḥmad Raḍa Khan Braylvi (d. 1340 A. H) named as “Kanz ul ᾽Īmān fi Tarjama Al-Qur᾽ān” 3. Translation of Ashraf ‘Alī Thānvi (d. 1362 AH) with the name “Bayān Al-Qur᾽ān”. 4. Translation of Abdul Mājid Daryā Abādī (d. 1977 A. D) which is in literary style with attractive language. The writer has highlighted the lapses and shortcomings of these translations in rhetorical perspectives of Qur᾽ān and its implicit meanings and has also underlined the difficulties faced by these translators in a descriptive table. Findings and suggestions are given at the end.
The purpose of extreme value frequency analysis is to analyze past records of extremes to estimate future occurrence probabilities, nature, intensity and frequency. It is only possible if most suitable probability distribution is employed with proper estimation method. Many probability distributions and parameter estimation methods have been proposed in last couple of decade, but the quest of best fit has always been of concern. In the continuity of this dimension, the fundamental aim of this dissertation is to model the extreme events by proper probability distributions using the most suitable method of estimation. This objective is achieved by reviewing and employing the concept of L- and TL-moments and quadratic rank transmutation map. The L- and TL-moments of some specific distributions are derived, and parameter estimation is approached through the method of L- and TL-moments. In this study three transmuted and two double-bounded transmuted distributions are developed and proposed with their properties and applications. Moreover, the generalized relationships are also established to obtain the properties of the transmuted distributions using their parent distribution. In the first part of the dissertation, it is observed that the Singh Maddala, Dagum, and generalized Power function distribution are suitable candidates for extreme value frequency analysis, as these densities are heavy-tailed in their range. In literature, the theory of L- and TL-moments is considered best and extensively used for such analysis. Therefore, the L- and TL-moments are derived, and the parameters of these densities are estimated by employing the method of L- and TL-moments. These estimation methods are compared with the method of maximum likelihood estimation and method of moments using some real extreme events data sets. Simulation studies have also been carried out for the same purpose. In these studies, superiority of the method of L- and TL-moments has been justified. In the second part of the dissertation, three heavy-tailed, flexible and versatile distributions are introduced using the quadratic rank transmutation map to model the extreme value data. The proposed distributions are the transmuted Singh Maddala, transmuted Dagum and transmuted New distribution. The mathematical properties viiiand reliability behaviors are derived for each of the proposed transmuted distribution. The densities of order statistics, generalized TL-moments, and its special cases are also studied. Parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The appropriateness of the transmuted distributions for modeling extreme value data is illustrated using some real data sets. The empirical results indicated that the proposed transmuted distributions perform better as compared to the parent distributions. In literature, continuous double-bounded data is fairly popular. However, it is quite unrealistic to analyze such kind of data using normal theory models. This type of data is also targeted, and two new double-bounded distributions have been introduced, in the third part of the dissertation. These developed distributions termed as transmuted Kumaraswamy and transmuted Power function distribution. The most common mathematical properties are derived, and it has been observed that the hazard rate function have either increasing or bathtub shaped for these distributions. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is employed for the parameter estimation and the construction of the confidence intervals. The application and potential of these distributions are investigated using real data sets. Comparatively, proposed double bounded transmuted distributions performed better than their parent distributions in real applications. Finally, it has already been proved that transmuted distributions are better than their parent distributions. But directly dealing with the transmuted density is complicated and exhaustive especially for order statistics analysis. To make it simple, the relationships between transmuted and parent distributions are established for the single and product moments of order statistics. In addition, the generalized TL- moments of the transmuted distribution and its special cases are derived using single moments of the parent distribution. The established relationships are used for parameter estimation, and a simulation study is also carried out to investigate the behavior of the estimators. Moreover, the transmuted and parent distributions relationships are illustrated through two well-known distributions and two real data sets. Furthermore, it can be claimed on the base of established results; now it is quite convenient to find the moments of order statistics, parameter estimates and especially generalized TL-moments for transmuted distributions.