آہ! مولانا عمادی
حیدرآباد دکن کے اخبار البلاغ سے یہ معلوم کرکے سخت صدمہ ہوا کہ ہمارے قدیم دوست مولانا عبداﷲ العمادی نے حیدرآباد میں جہاں انھوں نے سکونت اختیار کرلی تھی، ۱۱؍ شوال ۱۳۶۶ھ کو داعی اجل کولبیک کہا، ان کی عمراس وقت ستر برس کے قریب ہوگی، مرحوم اردو، فارسی اور عربی کے مستند ادیب اور مورخ تھے اور تقریباً ہر علم و فن سے آشنا تھے۔
مر حوم کا وطن ضلع جونپور میں امرتھوا نام ایک موضع تھا، اورعمادالدین نام کے کسی بزرگ کے خاندان سے نسبی نسبت رکھتے تھے اور اسی تعلق سے اپنے کو عمادی لکھتے تھے، اصلی نام عبداﷲ تھا اور کبھی کبھی اخفائے نام کے لیے عبداﷲ کا فارسی ترجمہ ’’خدا بندہ‘‘ بھی لکھا ہے، جو سب سے پہلے نو مسلم تا تاری سلطان کا نام تھا، مگر شہرت عام عبداﷲ عمادی کے نام سے تھی۔
غالباً ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد ہی یہ لکھنؤ آگئے تھے، اور مولانا عبدالعلی آسی مدراسی کے دامن تربیت میں پرورش پائی، مولانا عبدالعلی کا اصل وطن گو مدراس تھا، مگرجب سے تعلیم کے لیے لکھنؤ آئے یہیں کے ہوکے رہ گئے، یہیں فرنگی محل میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب فرنگی محل سے تعلیم پائی، ادب، شعر اور تاریخ گوئی میں ملکہ رکھتے تھے، اکثر کتابوں کے آخر میں جو ان کے مطبع میں چھپیں ان کی تاریخیں آپ کو مل سکتی ہیں، ان کی صحبت میں مولاناعمادی صاحب کو بھی زیادہ تر شعر و سخن اور ادب و تاریخ کا فائدہ پہنچا، مولانا عبدالعلی ایک زمانہ میں رامپور میں مدرس تھے، وہاں بھی وہ ان کے ساتھ رہے، پھر جب وہ لکھنؤ آئے، تووہ بھی ان کے ساتھ یہاں آئے اور یہیں ان کے مرغ شہرت نے پروبال پیدا کئے۔
مولانا آسی نے لکھنؤ محمود نگر کے محلہ میں سکونت اختیار کی اور اصح...
The title of this research is Theoretical Debate over the Philosophical Roots of Contemporary Education and Its Implications for the Development of Islamic Education. The purpose is to disentangle, to explore and to discuss the foundations of theoretical roots of educational philosophy and its relational consequences with Islamic education. The issues raised are: 1). How is the philosophical foundation of education and its relationship to philosophy and education? 2). What are the Philosophical Roots of Educational Theory and Its Implications for Curriculum, Teaching and Learning? 3). What are the implications for the development of Islamic education? The type of research is Library Research which uses philosophical and pedagogical approach, with descriptive method. The findings of this study are: a) the study of the key philosophical ideas that influence thought and development of education are aspects of metaphysics, epistemology and axiology. Without these three philosophical foundations, science and its various disciplines will fail; b) the relationship between philosophy and education are like two sides of one coin that cannot be separated, both give and take in the context of mutualism. So the existence of philosophy in education is a necessity; c) The theoretical debate over the roots of the philosophy of education requires the development of Islamic education.
Malaria is the second most prevalent disease in Pakistan. Despite many malaria eradication programs the disease burden is increasing. Changing climate affects humans directly and indirectly. In direct case, it causes an increase in malarial morbidity while it affects the physical strength and working efficiency of humans indirectly that ultimately leads to higher expenditures on medication. Farm workers are the community, highly affected through malaria because they are prone to work in environmental conditions which are favorite habitats of mosquito production. Loss of family labor and increased expenditures lead to a loss in revenue earned from agriculture. So, main objectives of the study were to determine the spatio-temporal effects of climate change on morbidity caused by malaria including socio-economic conditions and further to find the impact of health shocks of malaria on farm workers and then how these health shocks lead to decrease in revenue earned from agricultural production. In first part, linkages between climate change, socio economic conditions and malaria were found on monthly basis from the year 2000 to 2013 in 15 districts of Province Punjab. After this, the district more prone to malaria was selected where health shocks due to malaria were calculated for farm workers and further the effect on revenue from crop production due to health shocks was estimated. The stepwise model selection procedure was adopted and Generalized Linear Model with negative binomial family was selected for secondary data analysis. Results of the study show that temperature, rainfall and humidity variables have significant relationship as two months lag to the malaria month of interest and their quadratic terms also showed a significant but negative relationship with the malaria prevalence. Females’ education showed negative and significant relationship while education of males showed negative but insignificant relationship. On the other hand health facility provision per thousand of population was positive and highly significant that was contrary to the expectations and it was found that health facilities with inadequate quality do not contribute positively to minimize the malaria burden. District dummies showed that district Muzaffargarh is the area highly affected due to malaria prevalence. The detailed analysis was carried out by using primary data. Simultaneous equation approach was used to analyze the data. The ill member not only cause a loss in family labor but household also hires labor that automatically increases the cost and further time spent of care giving by an active family member also cause an increase in expenditure that increases total cost on cultivation per acre. The data analysis was carried out in the simultaneous equation framework and in final equation it was found that with one unit increase in the cost of malaria cure per acre revenue decreases by 2530 rupees. The effect of disease is different from one district to other so a targeted health intervention is required to meet the sustainable development goal of malaria eradication. Further, besides other effects of climate change, its effect on human health should be given due consideration.