مولانا حکیم سید عبدالحیٔ صاحب
ناظم ندوۃ العلماء
چند مہینوں سے معارف کا پہلا صفحہ علم و فن کے بزرگوں پر ماتم کے لئے مخصوص ہوگیا ہے، آج ہم دوسروں پر ماتم کرتے ہیں، کل دوسرے ہمارا ماتم کریں گے، دنیا کی یہ بزم ماتم اس فانی کائنات کے وجود کے ساتھ قائم ہے اور اسی کے ساتھ قائم رہے گی۔ یہ حوادث آباد عالم جس کو ہم تم قائم مستمر اور مسلسل جان رہے ہیں، ہر آن و ہر لمحہ اس طرح بدل رہا ہے کہ غور سے دیکھو تو معلوم ہوگا کہ جو نقشہ، جو کیفیت، جو صورت حال اس آن ہے وہ اس آن نہیں، ایک مستمر تغیر اور ایک مسلسل انقلاب جاری ہے اور پردہ دار کُلَّ یَوْمٍ ھُوَفیْ شَاَنٍ [الرحمن: ۲۹](ہر روز ایک نئے رنگ میں جلوہ گر ہے) لیکن باانیں ہمہ انقلاب و تغیر بظاہر اس کے قیام، استمرار اور تسلسل میں فرق نہیں آتا، سمندر کی لہریں ہر آن بدل رہی ہیں، مگر سمندر کی صورت میں کوئی فرق پیدا نہیں ہوتا، صورتیں مٹتی جاتی ہیں، شکلیں فنا ہوتی جاتی ہیں، مگر اس آئینہ خانہ کی آبادی اور صورت گری میں کوئی فرق نہیں آتا۔
خدا جانے یہ دنیا جلوہ گاہِ ناز ہے کس کی
ہزاروں اٹھ گئے رونق وہی باقی ہے مجلس کی!
دوسری فروری ۱۹۲۳ء کی شام کو اس مجلس کا جو ممبر اٹھا ہے، اس کا اس دنیا میں مجازی نام عبدالحئی تھا، مولانا حکیم سید عبدالحئی صاحب ناظم ندوۃ العلماء جدید کے اولین علماء تھے سادات رائے بریلی کے مشہور خانوادۂ علم و عمل سے تھے، جس کے بعض افراد سلاطین کے درباروں میں اور بعض فقر و تصوف کی خانقاہوں میں ممتاز تھے، بعض درس و تدریس کی...
Islam is a divine religion. It is based on divine revelation (Holy Quran) and sunnah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. As a religion it is a complete code of life. It does not deal with worships only but addresses all fields of life. Like Beliefs and worship, Islam focuses on education also. As a last and chosen religion, it motivates human beings to seek knowledge. The first word of the first revelation (Chapter Al-alaq) starts with Iqra means Read. In first five ayat of chapter Al-alaq, the basic requirement for enhance of education (Read, knowledge and pen) have been mentioned six times. Similarly, the Holy Prophet r took many steps for imparting education. In this connection, the example of first residential university (Suffa’h) is sufficient. Imam Ghazali one of the most famous Muslim thinkers discusses the education in his books in detail. He was born in 448 AH (1057 CE) at Tabaran a town in the district of Tus, which lies within the Khorasan Province of Iran and died on 18 December (1111 CE). In this article knowledge, its classification, stages, curriculum, art of teaching, responsibility of both teachers as well as students have been discussed in the light of Imam Ghazali educational philosophy.
Cyber Civilization has become an important source of information sharing and professional activities. It is a rapid and concert source for boosting the economy of the world. The exponential increase in cyber threats with the expansion of web applications has become the biggest security concern to e-business, medical data, personal privacy and defense systems. Presently the social networks, Internet connected mobile devices, individual privacy, and the online connectivity of entities such as e-shopping, e-banking or e- commerce are the most enticing targets for cyber criminals. Sophisticated approaches are used to launch polymorphic attacks to exploit the vulnerabil- ities of web applications. Recent surveys show that more than 80% attacks targeting the application layer, 90% applications are vulnerable to attacks and on the average 15 new vulnerabilities are released per day. These facts seem justified to prove that current state of the art security solutions are ineffective to provide sufficient security solution. These solutions inherently have static nature in attack detection, lack of expressiveness in attack detec- tion rules, and absence of reasoning capability that are required for detecting unanticipated ways to launch an attack. In this dissertation, a new methodology has been adopted that has for- mal grounding and mitigated the problems in the domain of web application security. The proposed methodology is an ontology based technique that is used for detecting and classifying web application attacks. It specifies web application attacks by using semantic rules, the context of consequence and the specifications of application protocols. The approach is capable of detect- ing sophisticated attacks effectively and efficiently by analyzing the specified portion of a user request where attacks are possible. Semantic rules / signa- tures help to capture the context of the application, possible attacks and the protocol used. These rules also allow inference to run over the ontological models in order to detect, the often complex polymorphic variations of web application attacks. The proposed approach is used for model specification, logic inference and attack vector analysis techniques utilized to generalization of attack rules. The ontological models are developed in Protege framework by using De- scription Logic that is based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The inference rules are Horn Logic statements and are implemented by using the Apache JENA framework. The approach is therefore platform and technol- ogy independent. Prior to the evaluation of the approach the knowledge models are validated by using OntoClean to remove inconsistency, incom- pleteness and redundancy in the specification of ontological concepts. The experimental results show that the detection capability and performance of our approach is significantly better than current state of the art solutions. The approach successfully detects web application attacks whilst generat- ing few false positives. The examples that are presented demonstrate that a semantic approach can be used to effectively detect zero day and more sophisticated attacks in a real-world environment. For clarity and validity of models, some useful functionalities and specifications of semantic rules, protocol, and attack ontology are formally modeled by using Z notation.