اُسوہ نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں قیادت کےعصری تصورات In Contemporary Concepts of Leadership in the Light of the Holy Prophetﷺ )Analytical studies)

  *یاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اَطِیْعُوا اللّٰهَ وَ اَطِیْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ وَ اُولِی الْاَمْرِ مِنْكُمْۚ* On a wide scale  There is a need for an ideal leader and his leadership. If a believer talks about leadership, he will only have the concept of Islamic leadership.  To which the verses and hadiths indicate, in this category there will be leaders and leaders who will be able to lead their supporters and followers towards physical and spiritual development. All kinds of leadership were given to the Prophet ﷺ.  Whatever qualities he had within him were of a perfect level. The principles of Islamic guidance that the Prophet ﷺ had explained were followed by the Companions and the pious people and any leadership in the whole universe that we see.  have also adopted it in full stubbornness, they emerged as the Ameerul  Momineen and Caliphate of the Muslims of that time, and the principle of following the leadership of the Prophet ﷺ, an Islamic state and society, equally for both Muslim and non-Muslim minorities.While the principles and laws of the current situation are completely opposite. The question is what are the goals and demands of the leadership of the present age and how is prophetic leadership helpful in the improvement of the current leadership?Are following the principles of leadership mentioned by Karim ﷺ? In the paper under discussion, contemporary leadership principles and their analyzes will be examined in the light of Prophet Muhammad  keeping in mind the requirements of the time.

Curvature Matter Coupling: Some Cosmic Aspects

This thesis studies some cosmic aspects in modified theories involving cur- vature matter coupling. In this setting, we concentrate on f (R, T ) and f (R, T, R μν T μν ) theories to discuss the thermodynamic laws with the non- equilibrium description at the apparent horizon of FRW universe. It is shown that Friedmann equations can be transformed to the form of Clau- sius relation T h S ef f = δQ, S ef f is the entropy which contains contributions both from horizon entropy as well as additional entropy term introduced due to the non-equilibrating description and δQ is the energy flux across the horizon. The generalized second law of thermodynamics is also estab- lished in a more comprehensive form and one can recover the corresponding results in Einstein as well as f (R) theories. We remark that equilibrium description in such theories needs more study to follow. Moreover, we discuss the validity of energy conditions in f (R, T, R μν T μν ) gravity. The corresponding energy conditions are presented in terms of re- cent values of Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. In particular, we use two specific models recently developed in literature to study concrete application of these conditions as well as Dolgov-Kawasaki instability. We explore f (R, T ) gravity as a specific case to this modified theory for expo- nential and power law models. The exact power law solutions are obtained for two particular cases in homogeneous and isotropic f (R, T ) cosmology. Finally, we find certain constraints which have to be satisfied to ensure that power law solutions may be stable and match the bounds prescribed by the energy conditions. We also explore the locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I model ixx with perfect fluid as matter content in f (R, T ) gravity. The exact solutions of the field equations are obtained for two expansion laws namely exponen- tial and power law expansions. The physical and kinematical quantities are examined for both cases in future evolution of the universe. We investigate the validity of null energy condition and conclude that our solutions are consistent with the current observations.