Determinants of Lack of Family Planning in Grand Multiparous Women Lack of Family Planning in Grand Multiparous Women

Multiparity is a matter of great concern regarding the health of women as well as child. At the same time it has different determinants and socioeconomic backgrounds. Objective: To determine the determinants of lack of family planning in grand multiparous women. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 271 GMP patients from DHQ Hospital Okara city. Mean age was 35 ± 10 years. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and evaluated and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data. To measure the determinants of lack of family planning, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: Most of women belong to rural area 172(63.47%) and areMuslims 259(95.5%). Most of the families lie under upper lower 149 (54.8%) and lower middle group of income 71(26.1%). The reason of last pregnancy was desire for baby boy 66(24.4%), then husband’s wish 45(16.6%)and so on. There is a good association of socioeconomic status and residence of head of family as p < 0.05, (Results are 325.272a, df = 10, p=0.000). There is an association of Gravida and socioeconomic status of head of family as p<0.05. (27.294, df= 20, p=.05). There is a good association between reasons of last pregnancy and gravida as p<0.05, (41.920, df = 24, p=0.001). Conclusions: The grand multiparty is still very common in Okara Pakistan district, considering the easy availability of modern contraceptive methods but very few women are aware of it. The most popular explanation given for present pregnancy by grand multiparous women was an urge for baby boy followed by husband wish. Most of women are Muslims. Rural Women are more socio-economically down and they have grandermultiparty.

Natural Infestationof Rice Bug Leptocorisa Oratorius Hemiptera: Alydidae on Seed Viability, Yield and Quality of Oryza Sativa Crop in Vehari

Research was conducted on rice crop to see the impact of rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius on yield, quality and crop value at adoptive research station Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. The studies showed that L. oratorius attacks on rice plant and produce unfilled grains. During research process, the infestation level of rice bug was observed on four rice varieties, Basmati-385, 11 Basmati-386, Basmati-2000 and Super-Basmati to see the effect of rice bug on rice plant and percentage of damaged rice plants were also observed. Results have shown that in potential grain loss, maximum 420 grains were damaged at 6 levels in Basmati-2000 while minimum were recorded 210 grains/30 days of intervals in Basmati-386. While the effect of bug on grain yield produced was maximum and 37% unfilled grains with bug?s density and maximum loss was occurred 11% at level 9 and maximum grains were present 475/m at 0 levels. Similarly maximum 100 grains weights were found in Basmati-386. Grain % with feeding sheath was recorded 85% in Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 while 65% in Basmati-386 and maximum 95% seed germination was found in Basmati-2000 at 0 levels and minimum 31% at 9 levels. It was observed that L. oratorius nourished on rice plant and formed empty and incompletely filled grains. At the same degree of invasion, Basmati-386 and Super-Basmati had greater harvest, less injured grain, and more growth amounts than Basmati-2000, Basmati-385 in which rice bug were attacked more and these plants allowed rice bug nourishment. Results have shown that rice bug L. oratorius attacks on rice plant and nourished on fluid of stem and seed of rice. Rice bug mainly attacks at flowering and milky stage of spikelets. It was observed that when rice bug attacks on rice plant, 21% of rice yield reduced by rice bug L. oratorius in calculation to poor grain yield and low development percentage