کل کے سکھ تو گروی رکھے, پچھلے بوجھ اتارے
اندر اندر سلگوں لیکن نکلوں زلف سنوارے
جانتی ہوں میں تیز ہوا ہے راہ میں رستہ روکے
کون ہے ,خوشبو کے لہجے میں جا کر اسے پکارے
ایسے لگتا ہے میں خود ہی اس پہ جھولنا چاہوں
مجھ کو درد کی سولی سے اب آکے کون اتارے
اسی لیے تو نیند کی دیوی سے میں چھپنا چاہوں
روز مری آنکھوں سے کوئی آگ سے خواب گزارے
دیکھ دیکھ کے ان کو حوصلہ ملتا تو ہے مجھ کو
میری طرح سے جاگتے ہیں یہ شب بھر چاند ستارے
ایک اداسی کے دھاگے میں خود ہی بندھتی جاؤں
میری سوچوں پر یہ کون ہے خوف کے چھینٹے مارے
درد کے پیکر میں ڈھل جاتے ہیں معلوم نہیں
میری غزلیں, میری نظمیں, میرے
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, like many aristocratic Englishmen in the age of Empire in the late 19th century, took an interest in the Muslim populations of the colonies being governed by Britain. As a prolific writer and poet, his approach differs from his contemporaries in being, on the whole, genuinely sympathetic to Islam. In his book ‘The Future of Islam’ he shows how important the power of Islam in coming centuries is likely to be, and touches upon many important topics, such as the growing spread of Islam in the world and possible adjustments to the Caliphate. He would like to see the formation of a friendly association between Great Britain and the Muslims of the world in the political interests of Britain. Inevitably, many of his predictions and wishes did not materialize in the 20th century. Wilfred Scawen Blunt [1840-1922] was an English gentleman who followed the leisurely pursuits available to affluent members of Victorian society, i.e, travelling and poetry. His travels in the Middle East made a powerful impression on his intellectual and emotional sensibilities. As E.M. Forster wrote in his essay on Blunt, he ‘was drawn to Islam, and at one time thought of professing it.’1 He was, no doubt, in sympathy with the subjugated peoples of the Middle East and with the Indians of South Asia who were groaning under the colonial yoke. Further in the essay, Forster writes, ‘Egyptians found him too proTurkish and Indians too anti-British.’2 This attitude was unique for a stolid Englishman of the time of the ‘highnoon of Empire’. Blunt feared the advance of European powers in Oriental lands. Forster further writes: ‘His detachment is amazing. He dreaded a war because it must involve Asia and Africa, and complete the enslavement of the conservative Oriental nations, whom he loved and who loved him……
The design of an efficient cooling system comprising of a rotating disk arrangement is essential owing to the ever-growing demand in the power output and thermal efficiency of turbomachinery systems, gas turbine, transport engineering, chemical engineering, aircraft engineering, rotating disk contractors, and many other rotating heat exchanging devices. The engineering sophistication and economic incentives of industries do also require to improve the performance of heat exchangers in order to obtain the optimum use of energy, and materials, to achieve further thermal control, and to meet the compactness requirements. Ranging from the simple turbomachinery to the state - of - the - art aerospace vehicles most of the practical rotating systems have strong connections with the rotating disk configuration, either rotating freely or in a housing. This signifies the importance of the geometrical configuration of rotating disk system as it relates to a large number of practical applications, namely, spin coating, rotational air-cleaners, disk drivers, atomizers, jet cooling, food processing, rotating machinery, medical equipment and many more. Further understanding of the convective transport mechanism due to a rotating disk, whose surface is flat and also not essentially flat, is an important area of research. Explanation to the non-trivial augmentation in heat transfer and the identification of the agents contributing there are the fundamental reasons behind this study. Therefore, the present monograph focuses on the prediction of the enhanced heat transfer rate in some complex flows arising in the rotating disk system as it directly links to the cooling performance of such systems. On the other hand the consequential mitigation of environmental degradation has provoked many techniques of heat transfer augmentation. In this context, different approaches, such as active, passive and combined (i.e. both active and passive), techniques are employed to achieve the heat transfer augmentation. The primary objective of this work is to investigate the impact of non-homogenous distribution of nanoparticles, non-uniform disk temperature distribution, disk transpiration, waviness of the disk and the external forced flow to the rotating disk geometries. The detailed discussion of obtaining the heat transfer enhancement via Nanofluid is given in Chapter 2 where the weak prediction of homogeneous models (as compared to non-homogeneous model) on heat transfer enhancements is identified. Almost 67% enhancement in heat transfer rate is noted for the non-uniform nanoparticle distribution (non-homogeneous modeling) for some fixed values of the involved parameters whereas the uniform distribution (homogeneous model) yields only 22% which signifies the role of nanoparticle distribution in heat transfer augmentation. The research work presented in Chapter 2 are published in Thermal Science: Year 2018, Vol. 22, No. 6A, pp. 1-16. Some new classes of rotating disk temperatures have been considered in Chapter 3 due to which increased heat transfer rates were noticed. For instance, exponentially increasing disk temperature of a free rotating disk in the quiescent air yields 27% augmentation in heat transfer rate while a radially increasing non-linear disk temperature corresponds to 15% intensification in heat transfer rate as compared to isothermal disk. The heat transfer augmentation has also been acquired by the mass addition/removal to flow inside the gap between a cone and a disk. Chapter 4 highlights this analysis in detail. A serious lack of work is felt in the study of surface roughness effects on rotating disk boundarylayer and this is focused in Chapters 5 and 6. The sinusoidal-shaped (wavy) disk has been opted as it can be dealt quite easily with the mathematical modeling. A comprehensive discussion has been made in the aforementioned Chapters highlighting the role of surface texture in different flow regimes like non-isothermal distribution of disk temperature and under uniform forced flow. The findings of Chapter 5 are published in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer: Year 2019, Vol. 129, pp. 96-102. Finally, inferences are drawn in the Conclusions section which are very helpful in order to understand the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms in rotating disk systems. It is important to mention here that the existence of the analogy between convective heat and mass transfer phenomena leads this study to cover the topic of mass transfer in a rotating disk systems as well.