اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق

اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق Initially was only language used to express human ideas. In every age, along with customs and traditions, language also went through stages of evaluation. That is why language of each region is unique. This uniqueness of languages is of its identity. Like human beings, languages also have their own families, and different languages grow as sub- branches of language family. They flourish and sometimes thrive and come to life through process of evolution. When some languages die out. Urdu and Hindi also belong to large languages families. They have a deep relationship. And speaking of same relationship, some tinkers do not separate them from each other. When it sometimes thinkers, there is difference between in the two. At a glance, we will mention the linguistic similarities and difference between Urdu and Hindi. Where are places and where there is difference between them, but all of them are mentioned here.

Biodiversity and Faunistic Studies of the Sub-Family Noctuinae Lepidoptera: Noctuidae from Pakistan With Cladistic Analysis

The taxonomic studies of the sub-family Noctuinae of the family Noctuidae with five genera and twenty four species is carried out with special reference to their head appendages including proboscis and palpi, ventaions of fore and hind wings and male and female genital components where available from Pakistan. A key to the tribes, genera and species is also formulated from most reliable characters for easy indentification. A new specie and twenty three already described species are described first time in detailed and compared with their closest allies from Pakistan. A cladogram is constructed showing the relationships of the included taxa based on the cladistic analysis of all the genera and species of sub-family Noctuinae. Characters are scanned and coded from entire body and male and female genitalia and the apomorphies including synapomorphies of the taxa are also briefly discussed.