پروفیسر عبدالحق کی پرورش جس پر نور اور سادہ ماحول میں ہوئی اس سے یہ اندازہ لگانامشکل ہے کہ ان کی تعلیم کی ابتدا کب ہوئی ۔ لیکن اتنے اشارے ضرور ملتے ہیں کہ چار سال کی عمر میں انہیں گاؤں کے مکتب میں داخل کیا گیا ۔ اس مکتب میں گاؤں کے ایک مولوی مظفر حسین پڑھایا کرتے تھے۔ انہی مولوی صاحب نے پروفیسر عبد الحق کی تاریخ پیدائش سکول رجسٹر میں لکھی اور ان کی قیاسی تاریخ ولادت ۲ مارچ ۱۹۳۹ قرار پائی گاؤں کے اس سکول کے علاوہ پروفیسر عبد الحق قرآن شریف پڑھنے کے لیے بھی جایا کرتے تھے۔ گاؤں کی ایک محترم خاتون جو قصبہ مچھلی شہر سے بیاہ کر لائی گئی تھیں۔ جب بیوہ ہو گئیں تو انہوں نے پہاڑ پور کے بچوں کو قرآن پڑھانا شروع کر دیا۔ وہ بھی پہاڑ پور گاؤں کی پہلی پڑھی لکھی خاتون تھیں جن کے فیض سے تقریباً پندرہ سال تک بچوں نے قرآن شریف پڑھنا سیکھا۔ قسمت کی یاوری دیکھیے کہ پروفیسر عبد الحق نے ایسا زمانہ اور ایسا عرصہ حیات پایا جس میں ان کے گاؤں کے ممتاز اور نابغہ روزگار لوگوں سے ان کا سابقہ پڑا اور انہیں ایسی کروٹ بدلتی ہوئی زندگی میں سانس لینے کا موقع ملا جس سے ان کے اندر بھی کچھ کر گزرنے کی آرزوؤں اور ترقی کی راہ پر گامزن ہو نیوالی ابھرتی ہوئی دنیا کے خوابوں کو دیکھنے کا حوصلہ پیدا ہوا۔ بہر کیف سرکاری نہج کے سکول اور اسلامی مدرسہ کی تعلیم دونوں ساتھ ساتھ گامزن رہے۔ گاؤں کے اس سرکاری سکول میں جسے لوگ مکتب کہتے تھے درجہ تین تک تعلیم دی جاتی تھی۔ اس تعلیم سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد پروفیسر عبدالحق نے مچھلی شہر کے سرکاری اسلامیہ سکول میں درجہ چہارم میں داخلہ لیا۔ اس کے لیے انہیں روزانہ پانچ...
Islam is the perfect religion from every aspect and for every time which provides guidelines for all situations of human life. Islamic political system is one of these aspects which is based on the principles of Holy Quran and sayings of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and it supports such a civil structure which follows the directives and requirements mentioned in the afore said two main sources. In Islamic political system, the supreme authority is Almighty Allah and human being utilizes this right as His vicegerent. The present global political system and the strategy of Muslims invite the attention of the thinkers around the globe for effective international interaction between Islamic world and others. This shows that serious deliberations are direly needed to compete with the current challenges. In the present paper, the contemporary situation of global political system will be discussed in order to determine the development of western political system, suggest means to compete with the challenges of this age and to facilitate in devising a suitable strategy for it
A Study of English Language Learning as An Element Affecting The Social Capital of The People of Pakistan This research has been a means to look into Pakistani society and to explore how social capital is being generated through schools. The main inspiration for this work was French sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu's research on language and the creation of social capital. Bourdieu (1992) has used the term habitus to describe certain dispositions which incline individuals to act in certain ways — ways that are explicitly articulated in language. He has also used it as a tool to identify the social 'space of individuals in which a piece of language occurs and embraces the whole activity of the speaker or participant in a setting' (1971). This research aimed to find out how social capital is structured and how is it being affected through education in Pakistani society; to explore how parental perception of social capital coincides with the conceptualization of social capital; and to investigate how the language of education in schools is seen as influencing the formation of social capital. The correlation between social capital, education and the language of schooling was investigated through a detailed library research. The theoretical analysis was then transferred to a questionnaire which was administered on parents of secondary school children to find out their perceptions about the medium of education they chose for their children. The research was carried out in Karachi. The questionnaire was administered to parents of children in the final two years of secondary education, aged 14-16 years. Twelve students were selected at random from each single-sex and 24 (12 girls and 12 boys) from each co-ed school. Half the students were asked to have the questionnaire filled in at home by their mother and half by their father. There was a 100% response rate though of course the use of pupils as intermediaries is open to challenge. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu for the convenience of parents. The scale helped to validate the three main dimensions of social capital (structural, relational and cognitive) and to identify which dimension was being affected through schooling more. The following conclusions were drawn from the data collected: 1. Social capital created in schools affects about 10% of the habitus of individuals. 2. Secondary schools in Pakistan are perceived by parents as a means to build structural and relational social capital more than cognitive social capital. 3. Though Urdu is the national language, there are no Urdu medium schools in the metropolitan city of Karachi in the high- cost profit category. 4. Language of instruction has a stronger effect on social capital than the gender of schooling. The medium of education significantly influences the social capital of individuals in Pakistan.