ریاستی پائیدار ترقی اور مذہبی رواداری کا اسلامی تصور : ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

For the development of the interior Nation tolerance, peace, prosperity, ethical and spiritual development is very necessary. Islam is the religion of peace and safety. There is no scope for oppression and aggression in Islam. In Islam sustainable development is a process in which real income and per capita income of country increase as well as self-esteem, freedom of action and religious activity also increase. People should make best use of country’s means of production to create better conditions than the past. A great harden in society’s development is religious prejudice. Religious tolerance means to treat the follower of other religious without hurting their feeling and without any mistreatment just because of their views. We should not hate other religious and their follower although we do not agree with their philosophies and views. We should accept and fulfil their rights as human beings which God has bestowed with high status. We can understand breadth and depth of tolerance by the saying of Holy Prophet. In twenty-one century Europe ideas of tolerances have different meaning than Islam. This paper provides a literature review on this subject in the light of Holy Quran and Seerah of Holy Prophet.

Synthesis and Characterization of Potentially Biologically Active Phenoxy Iso-Butyric Acid Derivatives.

The work in this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of phenoxy isobutyric acid derivatives and their biological screening which includes anti-bacterial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition and mutagenic assay. First part of this research work consists of alkylation of substituted phenols to get 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyric acid (131) and 4bromophenoxy isobutyric acid (179). These acids were converted into 4-chlorophenoxy isobutyrate (132) and 4-bromophenoxy isobutyrate (180) followed by their hydrazinolysis to obtain 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propane hydrazide (133) and 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2methyl propane hydrazide (181).Condensation of these hydrazides 133 & 181.with substituted benzaldehyde and aromatic acetophenone yielded N’-benzylidine-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2ethylpropanehydrazides (155-178) and N’-benzylidine-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-2- methyl propane hydrazides (182-196) respectively. In another series, chalcones (110-130) were synthesized by Claisan condensation reaction. These chalcones were react with 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanehydrazide (133) in ethanol and acidic environment to yield a novel series of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-[1,diphenylallylidene]-2-methylpropanehydrazides. (134-154). In the second part, all the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. In third part, all the compounds were subjected to biological screening, which includes anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, biofilm inhibition, and mutagenic assay and it was found that these compounds have a great potential to act actively in drug discovery.