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Implementation of Controller and Observer for the Given Plant Using State Space Analysis

Thesis Info

Author

Ayesha Saleem

Supervisor

Raja Ali Riaz

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2005

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-24 17:13:32

ARI ID

1676720275732

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۔غزل

غزل۔۔۔الیاس بابر اعوان، نمل یونیورسٹی اسلام آباد

۔

وہی ہوا کہ تماشا لگانا پڑ گیا ناں
بڑا تھا شوق تمھیں سیدھی رہ دکھانے کا
سمجھ میں آیا کہ ہم لوگ چیختے کیوں تھے
جو لوگ دوستی کو بزدلی سمجھتے تھے
ستارا وار ابھرنے لگا ہوں آنکھوں سے
یہ لوگ موت سے کم پر تو خوش نہیں ہوتے

 

تمھیں بھی دکھ کو صحافت بنانا پڑ گیا ناں
تمام شہر مخالف بنانا پڑ گیا ناں
تمھیں بھی خوف رجسٹر کرانا پڑ گیا ناں
اب امن کے لیے جرگہ بٹھانا پڑ گیا ناں
دیے کی لو کو بڑھانا گھٹانا پڑ گیا ناں
سو زندہ رہنے کو مر کر دکھانا پڑ گیا ناں

An Overview of the Religious Perspective of Honour Killing in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata) of Pakistan

This article maps the role of religion in the prevalence and promotion of honour killing in tribal areas of Pakistan. Through simple sampling method a sample size of 377 respondents, comprising of ‘Maliks’ were selected from the study universe. The collected data was interpreted and presented at uni-variate, bi-variate and multi-variate levels. Chi-square test statistics were used to draw association between dependent variable (honour killing) and independent variable (religion) both at bi-variate and multi-variate levels. The study found a significant relationship of honour killing with the importance of religion in people lives, alienation from the religious teachings, dominance of cultural values over religion, existence of honour killing in all religious sects (Shia and Sunni), and lack of factual religious knowledge about honour killing. Moreover, a non-significant relationship of honour killing was found with permission of honour killing in Islam, and religious clerics often speak about honour killing in religious sermons. Understanding of women and their rights in light of the teachings of Islam, religious clerics need to perform their true role, and killing in either shape needs to be propagated as against the religion were presented some of the policy recommendations in lights of the study results.

Standard Bases and Primary Decomposition in Polynomial Ring With Coefficients in Rings

The theory of standard bases in polynomial rings with coefficients in a ring A with respect to local orderings is developed. A is a commutative Noetherian ring with 1 and we assume that linear equations are solvable in A. Then the generalization of Faug ́ere F4-algorithm for polynomial rings with coefficients in Euclidean rings is given. This algorithm computes successively a Gr ̈obner basis replacing the reduction of one single s-polynomial in Buchberger’s algorithm by the simultaneous reduction of several polynomials. And finally we present an algorithm to compute a primary decomposition of an ideal in a polynomial ring over the integers. For this purpose we use algorithms for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the rationals resp. over finite fields, and the idea of Shimoyama–Yokoyama resp. Eisenbud–Hunecke–Vasconcelos to extract primary ideals from pseudo-primary ideals. A parallelized version of the algorithm is implemented in Singular.