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Implementation of Ultra Wideband Transceiver in Matlab and its Performance Evaluation

Thesis Info

Author

Najam Us Saquib, Syed Ahmed Raza

Supervisor

Shahrukh Agha

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720284439

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چوتھادروازہ

چوتھادروازہ

خالدفتح محمد

اُس کی اُداسی،پریشانی،لاتعلقی اور غمی بالکل اُسی طرح تھی جیسے پہلے شوہر کی موت سے چند دِن پہلےتھاجو کچھ ہوجانے کی دلیل تھی یا نایافتنی کا احساس۔ یہ خیال آتے ہی وہ پریشان ہوگئی۔وہ اگر پہلے شوہر سے خوش نہیں تھی تو دوسرے کے ساتھ ایسا قریبی تعلق نہیں تھا کہ اُسے اُس کے مر جانے کا دکھ ہو : دکھ تو کسی بھی موت کا ہوا کرتا ہے۔ یہ آدمی اُس کی مادی زندگی کی ضروریات پوری کرتارہاتھااور اُس میں کوئی ایسی خرابی بھی نہیں تھی لیکن وہ اُس کے ساتھ خود کو جوڑ نہ سکی ۔ وہ ذہنی طور پراُس سے اُتنا ہی دور رہی جتنا پہلے خاوند سے تھی۔پہلے خاوند سے شادی اگر اتفاق نہیں تھاتو اُسے منصوبہ کہنابھی مناسب نہیں،اُسے جو آدمی پسند تھااُس کے ساتھ شادی ممکن نہیں تھی کیوں کہ وہ آدمی اچھی شہرت نہیں رکھتاتھا۔اُسے شراب کی عادت تھی ،ہر وقت نشے میں ہوتااور جب کبھی اُسے دیکھتا،احترام میں نظر نیچے کرکے ایک طرف ہٹ کے کھڑا ہوجاتا۔وہ اُس کے پاس سے گزرجانے تک وہیں کھڑارہتا۔شروع میں اُسے اُس کا ایک طرف ہٹ کے کھڑے ہونا نشے کا حصہ لگالیکن جب یہ ہمیشہ ہی ہونے لگاتواُسے احساس ہواکہ وہ ایسا اُس کے لیے کرتاہے اور وہ اُسے ایسی نظر سے دیکھنے لگی جس سے ارد گرد کے باقی لوگ نہیں دیکھتے تھے:وہ اب پاس سے گزرتے ہوئے ہمیشہ مسکرادیتی۔یہ مسکراہٹ بالکل واضح نہیں تھی،ہونٹوں کی ہلکی سی جنبش،آنکھوں میں ہلکی سی روشنی کا سایہ،گالوں پر ہلکی سی سرخی کا کھنڈ جانااور چال کا ہلکے سے شتابی ہو جانا۔ جب یہ سب ہو رہاہوتااور وہ خود بھی نہیں جانتی تھی کہ ہورہاہے ،وہ آدمی اِِس تبدیلی دیکھ رہاہوتااور اُس کی اُسے دیکھنے کی خوشی اُداسی میں تبدیل ہو...

ہبہ مشاع اور غیر مشاع میں قبضہ

The institution of ‘Gift’ (ہبہ) is common in every religion. Every religion promo-tes this practice, as it is a tool to create sense of love and affection between the giver and the receiver. Similarly, Islam encourages its followers to perform it from time to time and spread sense of love and affection. The holy Prophet (Peace and Mercy be upon him) not only ordered the believers of Islam to exchange gifts but also, he himself was habitual of distributing things among the Muslims as gifts. Here, in this article, this exercise of the ‘Gift’ is discussed. Firstly, its lexical and terminological meanings are mentioned and supported with verses of the holy Quran and the traditions of the holy Prophet (PBUH). Furthermore, its need and importance are given consideration. Secondly, kinds of the ‘Gift’ are specified, which are ‘Gift of existing things and non-existing things’. Then the existing things are divided into ‘Devisable and non-devisable items’. In the end the concept of possession in the ‘Gift’ is stated. Along with all this opinions of the five schools of thoughts i.e. Hanafi, Maliki, Shafai, Hanbali and Shia, and their basis regarding possession of the ‘Gift’ are presented.  

In Vitro Effect of New Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Enterica

Background: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S, Typhi, T is capital because Typhi is serotype and not species) a gram negative bacterium (1). It continues to be a global health problem with over 21.6 million cases and more than 200,000 deaths occurring annually (2;3). Most of these deaths occur in Asia (4). Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi is traditionally associated with relatively milder illness as compared to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Aim & Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine in vitro MIC patterns of various therapeutic alternatives available for the treatment of enteric fever and non-typhoidal salmonellae in an endemic region reporting a recent increase in ciprofloxacin resistance. Study design: It is a cross sectional research carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi. Research was conducted from June 2011 to May 2013. Materials and Methods: Samples of blood, bone marrow, pus, urine, stool and fluids were collected from suspected cases of salmonella infections. Standard protocols were observed during collection and transportation. Culture was applied on Bactec 9050 special and/or standard media. Suspected salmonella colonies were tested by API 20E and confirmed by serology. The isolates were also tested for resistance to antibiotics ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, doripenem, imipenem, ertapenem, aztreonam, moxifloxacin, cefpirome, cefepime, gatifloxacin, and chloramphenicol by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (5). MIC (Minimum Inhibitory concentration) was done on MDR and ciprofloxacin intermediate or resistant cases by E-strips. Results: 316 isolates of Salmonella were recovered from 2230 specimens. Resistance by disk diffusion technique was determined, for Salmonella Typhi against Ampicillin 72%, Chloramphenicol 62%, Cotrimoxazole 41.2%, ceftriaxone 2.4%, ciprofloxacin 8%, cefpodoxime 4.7%, doripenem 2.3%, ertapenem 3.5%, aztreonam 3.5%, and moxifloxacin 3.5%. No resistance was noted for imipenem, cefepime and gatifloxacin. Resistance noted in Salmonella Paratyphi A was ampicillin 60%, chloramphenicol 40%, cotrimoxazole 38%, ceftriaxone 7.9%, ciprofloxacin 8%, cefpodoxime 7.9%, imipenem and ertapenem 2.6%, aztreonam 1.3%, moxifloxacin 6.6%, and gatifloxacin1.3%. No resistance was noted for doripenem and cefepime. For non-typhoidal salmonellae resistance was noted only against cotrimoxazole 66.6% and ciprofloxacin 7%. For S. Typhi imipenem MIC90 was 0.38 and MIC50 was 0.25. For cefpirome MIC90 was 0.64 and MIC50 was 0.09. For aztreonam MIC90 was 0.12 and MIC50 was 0.09. For cefpodoxime MIC90 was 0.75 and MIC50 was 0.38. For azithromycin these values were 16.0 and 7.0 and for tigecycline they were 0.25 and 0.09