عشق پیچہ سیالکوٹی(۱۸۹۵۔۱۸۰۱) عشق پیچہ تخلص ہے کہیں پیچہ بھی لاتے ہیں۔ فرید لاہوری کے شاگرد ہیں۔ ان کا قلمی دیوان ذخیرہ شیرانی پنجاب یونیورسٹی میں محفوظ ہے جس میں غزلیات کے علاوہ ایک وا سوخت‘ چند مناقب‘ مخمس اور رباعیات شامل ہیں۔
حافظ محمود شیرانی عشق پیچہ کے بارے میں یوں رقمطراز ہیں:
عشق پیچہ کے ہاں اگرچہ کوئی جدت اور بلند خیالی نظر نہیں آتی اور زبان کے عیب بھی پائے جاتے ہیں تاہم وہ اس دبستان کے جو دہلی اور لکھنؤ کے نام سے مشہور ہے ،ایک کامیاب مقلد ہیں۔ (۱۸)
عشق پیچہ کی شاعری میں زبان کے عیب ہونے کے باوجود شاعرانہ تعلّیٰ ،تلمیحات و محاورات کا استعمال جا بجا نظر آتا ہے۔ اس حوالے سے اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
پری زادوں کو حرزِ جاں ہے مطلع میرے دیواں کا ہر اک نقطہ ہے میرے شعر میں خاتم سلیماں کا
لکھوں مضمون اگر میں اوس پہ اوس زلف پریشاں کا نہو شیرازہ روز حشر تک بھی میرے دیواں کا (۱۹)
لکھوں اس پر اگر وصف عیانِ جانِ جاناں کا بیاض چشم عنقا ہر ورق ہو میرے دیواں کا
یہ رویا میں کہ پائی ہو گئی سب آبرو میری خیال آیا جو کچھ بہتے ہوئے چاہِ زنخداں کا
یہی ہے عشق پیچہ روز و شب اب التجا حق سے الجھ جاوے نہ ہرگز دل کسی انساں سے انساں کا (۲۰)
روایتی اردو شاعری کا محبوب اپنے عاشق پرظلم و رستم کرتا رہا ہے۔ محبوب کی اپنے عاشق کا فریفتہ کرنے کے لیے مکارانہ چالیں بھی کلاسیکی اردو شاعری کا حصہ رہی ہیں۔ عشقِ مجازی روایتی شاعری کا ایک بڑا موضوع رہا ہے۔ عشق پیچہ نے بھی روایتی شعر کہے ہیں اس حوالے سے اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
طائر دل کو ملا دانہ سے صدمہ جال کا دھیان جب آیا پسِ مرگ اوس کی ترچھی چال کا
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Abstract The paper identifies major changes in educational policies in Pakistan after the incident of September 11. It hoards the facts on the attack of September 11(2001) that had no direct link with Pakistan, but has changed the spectrum of regional policies and shifted the traditional way of learning with west-led agenda on the name of international standards. The study indicates major changes and shifts in the education policies and national curriculum as well as amendments in legal framework and laws including 18th Constitutional Amendment of 2010 and Article-25A of the Constitution of Pakistan. The struggle for uniform education system by various political and military governments throughout the history of Pakistan since independence is also scooped and a comprehensive view is provided on major policy changes and its impacts on education system in Pakistan. The research is based on analysis of primary and secondary sources of information. It is a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Pakistan as a State still is in the list of developing countries and struggling with internal and external problems and their effects caused hurdles in the process of development and reforms in various sectors including education. Security remained one of the major subjects of focus for Pakistan for last many decades along with other administrative matters. The matters including economy, infrastructure development and strengthen democratic system in with democratic or dictator led governments whichever was the case of administration continued tackling with security and terrorism within the state as a top priority issue since 9/11. Pakistan’s investment on education sector remained poor in which resulted lagging behind of the country in all major development indicators. Education remained the core subject that bough up revolution in 21st century and hence has acquired greater importance around the world. After 18th Amendment, the duty of satisfactory spending on education consequently dwells with each province to have the capacity to satisfy Pakistan's national and international duties regarding education. The research encompassed efforts of Pakistan’s administration during various eras on national and international level to meet requirements of international standard education policies.
Ahmad Shauqi (1868-1932AD) is acknowledged as the father of modern poetry of ArabiaOn account of his literary services. His poetic influence is so great that he has no parallelin last ten centuries. His poetic capacity is so vast that the number of his verses reaches up to twenty three thousand and five hundred. He introduced new literary genres like, dramatic poetry and fictions. His valuable contributions are as under: 1. مجنون ليلى (مسرحية شعرية) 2. الست هدى (رواية شعرية) 3. عذراء الهند (رواية نثرية) 4. الشوقيات (مجموعة شعرية) Many critics have worked on different aspects of his poetry, but according to my knowledge, no one has touched upon the erotic trend of his poetry, which reaches to six hundred and fifteen verses amongst his poetic compilation. Therefore, I have analyzed critically this aspect of his poetry with the following objectives: 1. The development and features of lyrical poetry in various literary eras. 2. A brief analysis of the prose of Ahmad Shauqi 3. A brief review of different aspects of his poetry 4. With the critical assessment, I have studied and analyzed the erotic aspect in his poetry in the light of erotic rules and principles suggested by famous literary figures, and have pointed out its features and deficiencies with detail. Beside its critical value, the open the door for further studies, because it not only answers but also raises questions for the attention of upcoming researchers.