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New Differential Encoding Scheme Using Space Time Block Codes

Thesis Info

Author

Awais Israr, Bilal Tahir Iqbal, Danish Zafar

Supervisor

Khurram Saleem Alimgeer

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-24 00:16:23

ARI ID

1676720322418

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مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری

مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری
دوسرا حادثہ مولانا سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری کی وفات حسرت آیات کا ہے، مولانا مرحوم جنگ آزادی کے ممتاز مجاہد اور احرار کے نامور لیڈر تھے، تحریک خلافت کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی آزادی تک ملک و ملت کے ہر معرکہ میں ان کے کارنامے نمایاں ہیں، اس راہ میں انہوں نے برسوں قید و بند کی مصیبتیں جھیلیں وہ ایک سحربیان خطیب تھے، اپنی کی تقریر سے سامعین کو ایسا مسحور کردیتے تھے کہ جدھر چاہتے ان کی باگ موڑ دیتے، وہ گھنٹوں تقریر کرتے تھے، اور سامعین ہمہ تن گوش بنے رہتے تھے، دین و تقویٰ میں بھی ان کا پایہ بلند تھا، ان کی زندگی درویشانہ تھی، ہندوستان کی تقسیم کے بعد اپنے وطن امرتسر سے اجڑ کر ملتان چلے گئے، اور بالآخر اسی کی خاک کا پیوند ہوئے، اس کا افسوس ہے کہ آزادی کے بعد اس مرد مجاہد کی خدمات اور ایثار و قربانی کی کوئی قدر نہ ہوئی، اور اس کی زندگی کا آخری دور عسرت و گمنامی میں بسر ہوا، مگر انہوں نے قلندرانہ شان کے ساتھ اس کو گذاردیا، اﷲ عالمِ آخرت میں اس مرد مجاہد کو اپنے انعامات سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۶۱ء)

 

الإمام ابن خزيمة و منهجه في صحيحه

Qur’an and Prophetic traditions (Hadith) are the fundamental sources of Islam. Muslims believe that Qur’an is the word of God (Allah). Hadith (Prophet’s Sayings, actions and silent approval and disapproval for something) likewise is based on divine revelation. Qur’an affirms also this view: (God says) Your Companion (Muhammad) has neither gone astray nor has erred. Nor does He speak of (his own) desire. It is only a Revelation revealed. Al-Qur’an (53: 2-4). Allah Almighty Himself took the responsibility to guard His word (the Qur’an): (He says : ) verily, we, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. The Qur’an) and surely, We will got it (from corruption). (Al-Qur’an: 15: 9) on the contrary the responsibility to guard the prophetic traditions (Hadith) was put on the shoulders on the Muslim Ummah. The scholars of Islam (Ulamas) try their utmost to collect and save the Prophetic traditions and guard it from any alteration. To achieve this purpose, they introduced different hadith sciences to distinguished between the true and the fabricated hadith. The authentic Sunnah is  contained within the vast body of Hadith literature. Different scholars have compiled the books which contain a large numbers of authentic Ahadith (Ahadith Sahiha), one of them is Imam Ibn e Khuzaima. In this article we will discuss the Imam Ibn e Khuzaima approach towards “Ahadith al Sahiha” in his book “Sahih Ibn e Khuzaima”.

Plant Growth and Proteome Stability of Wheat under Salt Stress Using Elevated Potassium Fertilization

Salinity is one of the major soil problems that limits the crop growth and productivity to great extent. Increased amount of soluble salts cause osmotic stress and excessive sodium (Na+) leads to sodicity that deteriorate the soil structure and cause toxicity to plants. Potassium (K+) is an important macronutrient essential for enzyme activation, osmoregulation and charge balance in the plant cell. Higher concentration of Na+ in nutrient medium decreases K+ uptake and increases Na+ uptake by plants. Therefore under sodic or saline-sodic conditions K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue is decreased affecting enzyme activities, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and other metabolic activities. Elevated K-fertilization under Na+ stress may improve the K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue improving plant metabolism under saline-sodic condition. Na+-K+ interaction in saline- sodic soils was studied in light and heavy textured soils. Different levels of Na+ stress was applied to developed higher SAR of the soil using NaCl. Na+-K+ dynamics was compared with naturally salt affected soils at elevated K-fertilization. Effect of elevated K- fertilization on wheat crop growth, distribution of Na+ and K+ in different parts of the plants, subcellular Na+-K+ homeostasis of wheat under Na+ stress and proteome stability was determined in soil and hydroponic studies. Plant growth, physiological and chemical attributes, yield was significantly reduced under salt stress while application of elevated potassium fertilization improved growth and yield parameters. Application of elevated K fertilization mitigate osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress under saline condition improving subcellular K+/Na+ ratio. Elevated potassium fertilization improved proteome stability under salt stress decreasing the change in number of proteins changed by salt stress. This study suggest that K application could enhance wheat growth and yield by mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress to a certain level at specific condition.