Exploring the Objectives of Model Madaris Curriculum: Practical Approach Analysis

Islamic history reveals that Muslim rulers had taken keen interest to establish educational institutions during their rule. To keep going on this legacy of the Muslim rulers, various governments in Pakistan, since its creation, has announced a number of educational policies. Besides suggestions for Islamic education, a concept of Model Madaris at federal level was introduced for the first time during Musharraf’s regime [1999-2008]. Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA) was made responsible to develop the curriculum for these Madaris from middle to master levels; however, as per constitution the Education Act 1976, it is the responsibility of Curriculum Wing, Ministry of Education to develop the curriculum up to higher secondary level with pre-framed objectives. While at graduate and post graduate level, it is the responsibility of the universities to develop curriculum through their statutory bodies i.e. Board of Studies, Board of Faculty and Academic Council as per guide lines set by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. This study is an effort to explore the main objectives of Model Madaris curriculum. Moreover, it will be cross checked with course contents from middle to bachelor levels and policy suggestions will be directed that how these objectives and course contents can be amalgamated in one line.

An Integrated Model of Psychological Entitlement and its Behavioral Outcomes: A Study of Service Sector of Pakistan

This research study examines the association between psychological entitlement and employee negative behavioral outcomes i.e. knowledge hiding behavior and instigated incivility accompanied by mediating role of abusive supervision perceptions. Furthermore, the intervening effect of job stress between psychological entitlement and instigated incivility is also analyzed. Apart from testing these underlying mechanisms, this study elaborates the moderating impact of hostile attribution bias on the association between psychological entitlement and abusive supervision perceptions. The buffering influence of rumination on the linkage between abusive supervision perceptions and two behavioral outcomes i.e. knowledge hiding behavior and instigated incivility is also analyzed. In addition, this research highlights that whether the sense of job calling moderates the positive impact of job stress on instigated incivility or not. Current study follows a sequential explanatory mixed method design where the first phase is quantitative in nature and the second phase is qualitative. In the quantitative phase of the study, data were gathered from 513 respondents in three time lags. Moreover, stratified random sampling technique was used for the stratification of the service sector followed by convenient sampling for data collection from the sample. In order to further explain and validate the quantitative results, unstructured one to one interviews from eight participants using the maximum variation sampling technique were conducted. Ten themes with corresponding subthemes were emerged in the qualitative phase. Integrated analysis of both phases was conducted at the end in the form of elaborate discussion. The quantitative results revealed that psychological entitlement is positively and significantly associated with knowledge hiding behavior and instigated incivility of employees. Furthermore, the mediating impact of abusive supervision perceptions and job stress were found significant. Moreover, the moderating impact of hostile attribution bias and job calling were also proved. However, the boundary level effect of rumination on the association between abusive supervision perceptions and knowledge hiding behavior and between abusive supervision perceptions and instigated incivility was found insignificant. The results of all the hypothesized relationships were further elaborated in the light of qualitative findings. The themes generated as a result of thematic analysis explained significant and insignificant findings of the quantitative phase. This research study also unfolded certain theoretical implications, practical implications and future research directions.