موضوع6:تخلیق، تحقیق اور تنقید کا باہمی تعلق
ادب:
• ادب ایک علمی اصطلاح ہے جو نظمیہ اور نثری ادب کے لیے استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
• جذبات کی دلکش موسیقی کا نام ہے۔
• محسوسات و تخیل کا دل نشین رقص ادب ہے۔
ڈاکٹر طہ حسین کے مطابق:
"ادب عربی زبان سے آیا ہے۔ اس کے معنی دعوت کا بلاوا ہے۔ یہ عربی کا ایک لفظ داب ہے جس کی جمع اداب ہے۔اداب بعد میں آداب بن گیا جس کے معانی عادت، ورثہ اور عمل کا طریقہ کے ہیں۔قدیم عربی کے قریشی لہجے میں ادب کا لفظ شامل نہیں تھا۔یہ لفظ پہلی صدی ہجری کے بعد عربی لغت میں شامل ہوا۔بنو امیہ کے دور میں یہ لفظ تعلیم کے معنوں میں استعمال کیا گیا۔اس زمانے میں ادب سے مراد روایت کے ذریعے پڑھانا تھا۔بنو عباس کے دور میں ادب کے مفہوم میں تنگی پیدا ہوئی اوراس سے کم و بیش وہ معنی لئے گئے جو انگریزی میں لٹریچر سے لئے جاتے ہیں۔"
عقل و شعور کے تحرک اور حسن وجمال کے دل پھینک لطیف عمل کا نام ادب ہے۔ادب انسانی محسوسات کا دانشمندانہ اور فنکارانہ اظہار ہے۔یہ اظہار ان لوگوں کے قلم سے ہوتا ہے جو زندگی کے دو پہلو دکھوں ومصیبتوں اور خوشیوں ومسرتوںکا اجتماعی حالات میں انفرادی تجزیہ کرتے ہیں۔قلم سے وہ لوگ جو زندگی کے دکھ سکھ، خوشیاں غمیوں میں زندگی کے اجتماعی حالات کاانفرادی تجزیہ کرتے ہیں انہیں ادیب کہتے ہیں۔ادبی تخلیق، تحقیق اور تنقید ایک بے حد مضبوط اور مستحکم مثلٹ ہے۔آپس میں ان کے ربط میں ہی سماج کی بقاء ہے۔
تحقیق:
• سچائی یا حقیقت کی تلاش کا نام تحقیق ہے۔
• تحقیق یقین یا تصدیق کرنے کو کہتے ہیں۔
• تحقیق کے ذریعے کسی امر کو اس کی اصل شکل میں دیکھنا مقصود ہوتا ہے۔
• ادبی تخلیق سماج...
Hydro politics is the modern term for water issues. Every country wishes to protect its sweet water resources, especially those that have difficulties with rivers that run through more than one country. Water is required for the survival of over 180 species. This study is center on the importance of water to all living things, including humans, as well as to countries and their economies. The conflicts and treaties are also covered in the area of study on hydro-politics on the river Jhelum between India and Pakistan. Both countries have fought wars over water more than once, and if the water distribution issue can handle peacefully then their relationship may improve. The Jhelum River began in the disputed area of Jammu and Kashmir and flows through Pakistan and meets the Indus River. The distribution of Jhelum water was settled by the Indus Water Treaty in 1960, but India's repeated breaches made it a problem between the two neighboring states and one of the reasons for conflict between them. The research's main goal is to not only examine the causes of conflict but also to predict how it will be resolved in the future.
Human body is very delicate towards harsh environmental variations. High energy UV radiations intentionally or unintentionally interact with our skin and eyes, causing some acute effect such as, photokeratitis, skin aging and also some chronic effects like melanoma skin cancer and DNA damage. Clothing is an important precautionary measure to combat with these damages, but low weight and high porosity of cotton fabric make it unfit for protection against UV rays. Hence, to improve the protection factor of white cotton fabric, computational approach was utilized to search the effective UV absorbers for cotton fabric. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) theory with three functionals was utilized to study the design molecules and results indicated that all the five design molecules (1-5) absorbed inthe UV region of the solar spectrum. These deigned molecules were synthesized via a condensation reaction and their structure confirmation attained through UV/Vis., FTIR and ESI-MS analysis. The theoretically calculated λmax and experimental λmax of all the five UV absorbers were in close agreement. The cottonfabric was treated with designed and synthesized UV absorbers via the exhaust method of dying and its processing conditions optimized by adapting a statistical design “central composite rotatable design” of response surface methodology. The outcomes directed that all the synthesized molecules showed 65-78 % exhaustion and 62-80 % fixation at the acquired optimized conditions. Maximum exhaustion with cotton fabric was presented by 1 and minimum shown by 5. The protection factor of the treated cotton fabric was assessed and results directed that the treated fabric with 1-4 fells in the very good Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) range at 3 % concentration while fabric treated with 5 fells in good range. The UPF increased as follows: 5 <4 < 2<3<1. Whiteness index test results revealed that all the synthesized molecules did not decrease the whiteness of the fabric as much at 3 % concentration, but after exposition to light fastness testing decreased its whiteness little bit as compared to standard. Washing test results indicated that UPF of treated fabric decreased after washing process, with UV absorbers (1-4), it remained in the very good range of UPF after ten washings. While the 5 showed more reduction in UPF value after washing. Degradation studies revealed that synthesized molecules were degradable by safer advance oxidation process technology. Current study opened a new prospect for search of such molecules having more persistent nature after laundry action.