خصائص الاسلام فی تامین الامن والسلام

This article focuses onthose special attributes of Islām, which distinguishes it from other religions with respect to peacekeeping, i. E., the rules and ethics, which inculcate peace and tranquility in the soul and mind of an individual and society. Islām is the pioneer of all the religions that emphasize upkeeping of peaceful relations between their followers and others without any discrimination. The connotations of the word Islām and the implications of its various synonyms, its ethical teachings, rules and laws_ all convey the message of peace. Therefore, a true believer is supposed to be the one, who is endowed with peace. To sustain harmony in the society, Islām prohibits mischief, tribulations, aggression and violation of human rights, such as freedom of religion and life. Likewise, Islām prohibits undue offences against any religion, defiling religious beliefs and the holy books, derogatory remarks against any sacred and reverend personage, and extortion, theft, robbery, usury, etc. The second discourse of this article deals with the Islamic salutations. The objectives of Sharī‘ah, in this regard, are to promote good will, alleviate alienation of addressees, invite non-believers to Islām and augment peaceful relations and coexistence with others. The last section of this discourse deals with the injunctions, related to the rules and ethics of warfare as instructed by Islām.

Effectiveness of Constructive Computer Supported Instruction on the Performance of Prospective Teachers: A Modular Approach

Researcher carried out an experimental study to find out the effects of Constructive Computer Supported Instruction (CCSI) on the Performance (academic achievement and attitude) of prospective teachers at B.Ed level. Likewise to investigate the treatments effects differences on age and ability groups of prospective teachers. For the present experimental research study pre test-post test control group design was executed. All the prospective teachers of B.Ed level studying educational psychology, evaluation and guidance course at Federal College of Education, Islamabad comprised the population as well as sample of the research.A sample of 92 prospective teachers at B.Ed level was drawn from FCE, academic year 2012-2013. On the basis of first internal exams prospective teachers were placed into three ability groups (high achieves, average, and low achievers), to select required sample stratified random sampling technique was applied. Two teacher educators having equal qualification and almost equivalent experience were randomly assigned to either control or experimental groups. Teacher educator and prospective teachers of experimental group received one week training and teacher educator of control group acquired one day training session A team of three educational experts validated the modules, a teacher made test and professional attitude scale and pilot testing was carried out to check the reliability of modules and instruments.Pre-test and professional attitude scale was executed to both experimental and control groups after the instruments were finalized. After twelve weeks treatment period at the completion of experiment achievement post-test and professional attitude scale was administered.For data analyses independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, Factorial ANOVA and LSD Post hoc were applied at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that prospective teachers of experimental group outscored on achievement post test and professional attitude scale as compared with prospective teachers of control group.constructive computer supported instruction – a modular approach was beneficial equally for high achievers, average and low achievers of experimental group prospective teachers in academic achievment and also developing positive professional attitudes. Improvement was noticed in academic achievement of low achiever prospective teachers as well as their attitude towards teaching profession was positively improved.