سید عدید ؔ(۱۹۶۵ء پ) کا اصل نام تنویر حسین شاہد ہے۔ آپ کھروٹہ سیداں سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ایم۔اے اردو گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے کیا۔ ۱۹۸۰ء میں مرے کالج میں آپ حلقہ اربابِ ذوق کے جائنٹ سیکرٹری تھے۔ آپ نے شاعری میں یوسف نیر اور اصغر سودائی سے ابتدائی راہنمائی لی۔ سب سے پہلے مرے کالج کے ادبی رسالے ’’مفکر‘‘ میں آپ کا کلام شائع ہوا۔ ’’بالتحقیق ‘‘ سیالکوٹ اور ’’اخبار جہاں‘‘ لاہور میں بھی ان کا ابتدائی کلام چھپتا رہا۔ (۱۱۴۹) ’’وقت ‘‘ سید عدید کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جو سیالکوٹ سے ۱۹۸۸ء کو شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’تلاش‘‘۱۹۹۴ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ’’ہم نفس‘‘ تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۹۵ء میں شائع ہوا۔ آپ کا چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’فریب دے کر چلا گیا ہے‘‘ ہے جسے ادیب پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۱۹۹۶ء میں شائع کیا۔ ’’محبتوں میں حساب کیا‘‘عدید کا پانچواں شعری مجموعہ ہے جسے الحمد پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۱۹۹۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ چھٹا شعری مجموعہ ’’پیاربے اختیار ہوتا ہے‘‘ جسے الحمد پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع کیا۔ ’’ساتھ تمہار ا اگر ملے‘‘ ساتواں شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جسے القلم پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۲۰۰۶ء میں شائع کیا۔ آٹھواں شعری مجموعہ ’’تیرے بن زندگی‘‘ ہے جسے مراد پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۲۰۱۰ء میں شائع کیا۔ اس کے علاوہ ’’وفائیں ساتھ رہتی ہیں‘‘ ،’’گردش‘‘ ،’’تمنادل میں رہتی ہے‘‘، ’’درد کے سمندر میں‘‘،عدید کے زیر طبع کتابوں کے نام ہیں جو جلد شائع ہونے والی ہیں۔کافی مسودے ایسے بھی ہیں جن کے نام ابھی تک تجویز نہیں کیے گئے ہیں۔
عشق مجازی سید عدیدؔ کی شاعری کا بڑا موضوع ہے۔ ان کے ہاں نسوانی عشق کے ساتھ ساتھ جنون بھی ملتا ہے۔ وہ محبوب کی بات بھی کرتے ہیں اور ا س کے ظلم و ستم کا ذکر بھی کرتے ہیں۔ انھیں اپنے محبوب سے سچی...
Background of the Study: Multiple Physical Therapy approaches have recently been developed and reported in the literature for providing better results in the treatment regimens of tension-type headaches. The advancement in the field of Physical therapy towards the treatment approaches of tension-type headaches has become the driving force for writing this article.
Methodology: Studies comparing the effects of physical therapy management with conventional treatment approaches are included in the meta-analysis. PRISMA guidelines were used for performing the qualitative analysis and assessment of risk of biases.
Results: According to the findings of nine randomized controlled trials, the analysis of the results had revealed that physical therapy intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in reducing headache severity. In a random effect model, the pool effects of physical therapy strategies in terms of Standardized Mean Difference had an impact of 1.41, which according to a Cohen rule of thumb displays a larger effect of physical therapy management in significant decrease in pain intensity among tension-type headache patients
Conclusion: The study has concluded that physical therapy-based management strategies as provided in several RCTs analyzed in this review article revealed a pool effect of moderate size in managing the frequency of pain and a larger effect size in managing pain intensity and duration. Further, it was concluded that tension-type headaches can be effectively managed through physical therapy-based approaches.
All around the world the number of automobiles has increased many folds (about ten times) in the last fifty years which resulted in an enormous increase in urban pollution level especially in developing countries. Pakistan has been considered as the most urbanized country in South East Asia with about 36% of Pakistan‟s total population is residing in towns & cities. It has been estimated that an average vehicle in Pakistan emits 20 times more unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs), 24 times as much carbon monoxide (CO) & about 3.6 times more oxides of nitrogen (NOx) when compared to an average vehicle in U.S. Furthermore the scarcity of conventional fuels also propelled the world to explore alternative fuel options with same or preferably less environmental implications. Natural gas is rated as high octane alternative fuel with octane rating of 120~130 and exhibiting clean burning characteristics. It is possible to attain increased efficiency from natural gas because of its high octane value with the increase of the compression ratio of the engine. Further the improved combustion efficiency of natural gas fuel also reduces the tail pipe pollutant emission. The focus of this research is to suggest the optimum compression ratio at which the performance of dedicated natural gas engine can be optimized. A 2.5 L Diesel Engine was selected and converted to run solely on natural gas as dedicated mode by incorporating spark plugs, electronic ignition control system, and CNG fuel metering system. Different piston sets were modified to obtain selected compression ratios. Based on the literature review, compression ratios were 11, 12, 13 & 14 had been selected. The temperature gauges were installed in the cooling water circuit and exhaust manifold to measure the water & exhaust gas temperatures. The engine was then tested on dynamometer for performance & exhaust emission. The readings of NOx, CO, UHCs at 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm at selected compression ratios were taken by using 5-gas exhaust gas analyzer. For emission testing, steady-state test profile was generated. Exhaust gas temperatures were also recorded at different rpm settings at selected compression ratios. The results have been plotted and normalized by power. Based on the engine performance, the compression ratio of 13 has been selected as optimum compression ratio for dedicated CNG engine. For further reduction of engine exhaust emission Three-Way Catalytic simulation through Chemkin software has been carried out and the performance parameters were also predicted through simulation using single-zone thermodynamic model.