التماسك النصي وعلاقته بالنص القرآني دراسة نظرية في ضوء التراث النقدي والبلاغي

The concept of cohesion is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical relations of the Text The concept of cohesion is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical relations of the Text that exist within surface structure of the text, and that define it as a text. That is why the study of cohesion is important in text linguistics, especially in the Text of holy Qur‘ān.  Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur‘ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Cohesion to prove the Qur‘ānic text as “Mojza” and “ijaaz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Nazem” “Insijaam” “Ittisaaq” “Iltehaam” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab was doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur‘ānic textual cohesion was their main goal. This research work differ from previous works in many aspects, while  the researcher focuses on the concept of cohesion and its various aspects, particularly in terms of the cohesion and coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur‘ānic text. That exist within surface structure of the text, and that define it as a text. That is why the study of cohesion is important in text linguistics, especially in the Text of holy Qur‘ān.  Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur‘ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Cohesion to prove the Qur‘ānic text as “Mojza” and “ijaaz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Nazem” “Insijaam” “Ittisaaq” “Iltehaam” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab was doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur‘ānic textual cohesion was their main goal. This research work differ from previous works in many aspects, while  the researcher focuses on the concept of cohesion and its various aspects, particularly in terms of the cohesion and coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur‘ānic text.

Polymorphism Analysis of Antiviral Sensor Genes in Hcv Infections: Impact on Response to Therapy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus and a principal source of liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 180 million people, around 3% of the world’s population infected with HCV. Roughly, 10 million Pakistanis, representing 6% of the total population, are with HCV infection. Most HCV infections lead to chronic infections due to the failure of the immune response. Toll like Receptors (TLR) is a family of transmembrane proteins that expresses most of the immune cells and is the main component of innate immunity that perform an important role in the recognition of various types of pathogens. The major innate immune sensor TLRs (TLR2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9) and Retonicacid inducible like receptor (RLR) (MDA5) are important for viral nucleic acid detection and inducing antiviral reactions. Aberrant immune activation can be harmful to the host; Therefore, TLRs and RLR activities are strictly regulated by the immune system. In addition, an unbalanced inflammatory response to the host via a TRL or RRL based signaling pathway may be responsible for inflammation and autoimmune disease.” “In this studyTLR2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and MDA5genes Polymorphism were analyzed to ensure that these genes may play a role in the failure of interferon therapy and HCV clearance. In TLR2 Polymorphisms, we analyzed SNP Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln. The polymorphisms of TLR3 we analyzed were SNP rs5743314 (G/C), rs78726532 (A/G) and rs3775290 (T/C). The TLR4 polymorphism, analyzed in our study was SNPrs4986790(C/T), TRL7 rs179009 (A/G), TLR8 rs3764879, TLR9 rs187084 (A/T), TLR9 rs5743836, MDA-5 rs1990760 (A/G).High resolution melting (HRM) curve method was applied to screen out the mutations.PCR was directed according to the protocols of Step OnePlus™ Real-Time PCR.Total 500 samples were collected (400 HCV patients and 100 healthy subjects). Out of 400 HCV patients, 323 were interferon responders and 77 were interferon nonresponders.TLR2 Arg677Gln, TLR3 rs3775290, TLR4 Asp299Gly, TLR7 rs179009 and TLR9 rs187084 shown significant association with HCV recurrence, while TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR3 rs5743314 and rs78726532, TLR8 rs3764878, TLR9 rs5743836 and MDA5 rs1990760 did not show any association with HCV recurrence.” Our outcomes are inconsistent with the current positional data on the NCBI database. These genotypes may help to identify those patients at higher risk of developing complications during the first year of treatment. Outcomes of this study may have opened a door to set up prospectively planned randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include TLRs genotype information while evaluating new and advanced treatments of HCV especially for patients infected with genotype 3.Finally, the outcomes of this study may result in a benefit for the patient when clinically use to improve the efficiency and immunogenicity of the current therapeutic regimens through combining therapy with alternate TLR agonists to overcome immune deficiencies induced by defective TLR signaling.